初中英语词汇语法第五十九讲 句子宾语
英语的及物动词后必须有宾语。宾语一般放及物动词之后,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
说明,除及物动词有宾语之外,英语介词后面也要有宾语。另外,某些形容词如worth, careful等后也可有宾语。
宾语有直接宾语和间接宾语之分。即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语,这两个宾语称为"双宾语"。
My parents bought me a computer.我父母给我买了一台电脑。(me是间接宾语,computer是直接宾语)
She is playing the piano now.她正在弹钢琴。(名词作宾语)
We all like him.(代词作宾语)
Give me four.(数词作宾语)
We all like to go to school.(不定式作宾语)
We all like swimmming.(动名词作宾语)
I think he is right.(从句作宾语)
The book is worth reading.(形容词worth可有宾语)
点击一:什么是双宾语?什么是复合宾语?
1、英语中,有些及物动词可以接两个宾语,即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语,这两个宾语称为"双宾语"。句子结构为:"主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语"。如:
My parents bought me a computer.我父母给我买了一台电脑。
2、英语中有些及物动词接了宾语之后还需接宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况,否则句子意思就不完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称为"复合宾语"。句子结构为:"主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语"。能作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式、介词短语等。如:He made us laugh.他使我们哈哈大笑。
点击二:双宾语用法要点
1、间接宾语可以改为由介词to或for引起的短语,放在直接宾语后面。如:He gave her some chips. = He gave some chips to her.
2、以下几种情况通常要用介词to或for引起的短语:
1)当直接宾语是人称代词(it/them)时。如:This book is Mr Wang's. Please give it to him.
2)当强调间接宾语时。如:Mother cooks meals for us every day.
3)当间接宾语比直接宾语长一些时。如:On the bus, she often gives her seat to the old person.
3、由to引出间接宾语的动词有:give, show, pass, lend, take, tell等;由for引出间接宾语的动词有:buy, make, cook, get, sing, read等。
点击三:复合宾语用法要点
1、常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有:keep, make, find等。如:We must keep our classroom clean.
2、常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有:call, name, make, think等。如:We call them mooncakes.
3、常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有:see, watch, hear, find, keep等。如:In the country, we can hear birds singing.
4、常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有:keep, find, leave等。如:I left my pen on my desk at home.
5、常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask, tell, want, teach, wish等;接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:see, watch, hear, make, let等。如:I often see him play football.
She often asks me to help her.
注:help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。如:
I often help my mother(to) do some housework.
点击四:怎样区分"双宾语"和"复合宾语"?
看宾语与其后面的成分之间的关系:如果宾语与其后成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系(或主表关系),那么该动词所接的是复合宾语,否则就是双宾语。如:Who kept you waiting so long? (宾语you与waiting之间存在着主谓关系,因此you waiting是复合宾语。)