初中英语语法:各类构词法一览
前缀 例词 派生词
un- “不” happy unhappy
like unlike
usual unusual
friendly unfriendly
im-“不” possible impossible
后缀 例词 派生词
-er“人” teach teacher
play player
clean cleaner
drive driver(以e结尾,-r)
run runner(重读闭音节,双写-er)
win winner
travel traveller
-or“人” invent inventor
visit visitor
-ly(副词后缀) bad badly
quick quickly
careful carefully
happy happily
deep deeply
lucky luckily
usual usually
noisy noisily
slow slowly
angry angrily
strong strongly
quiet quietly
特例:true truly
terrible terribly
possible possibly
-ful(形容词后缀) care careful
help helpful
use useful
forget forgetful
-y (形容词后缀) rain rainy
luck lucky
cloud cloudy
noise noisy(以e结尾,去e,加-y)
snow snowy
sun sunny (双写,加-y)
wind windy
-ion(名词后缀) invent invention
operate operation
-ness(名词后缀) busy business
good goodness
一些特例:
动词---形容词
sleep asleep
die dead
enjoy enjoyable
动词---现在分词转化为名词
boat boating
build building
begin beginning
cross crossing
meet meeting
turnturning
名词---形容词
friend friendly
south southern
wool woolen
danger dangerous
difference different
fryfried
worry worried
动词---过去分词转为形容词
break broken
lose lost
please pleased
colour coloured
动词---名词
know knowledge
fly flight
please pleasure
名词---名词
farm farmer 农夫
动词---现在分词、过去分词转为形容词
follow following
interest interested“感兴趣的” 只作表语,仅用于be interested in
interesting “有趣的” 可作表语和定语
develop developed “发达的”
developing “发展中的”