一、疑点难点破解
1. It’s used for scooping really cold ice cream.它用于舀真得很凉的冰淇淋。

疑点：be used for被用于…，后面加doing，相当于be used to do.如：The knife is used for cutting，

难点：be used 后面加不同的介词构成意思不同的短语。be used by被…使用，be used in被用于…场合，be used as被用作…

2. Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for some time.一些树叶从附近的灌木上掉进了水里，在那里停留了一些时间。

疑点：1)fall into落入…里面2)some time一段时间。如：The little boy fell into the river， but at last he got out by himself.

He will go to Beijng sometime next Friday and he will stay there for some time.下周五的某个时候他要去北京，并且计划在那儿呆一段时间。

难点：1)fall短语有许多，要个别记忆。如：fall down(从高处)落下，fall off从(自行车、卡车、摩托车等)上面掉下来，fall over摔趴下

2)注意以下几个词的区别：some time一段时间，sometime某时，sometimes有时，some times几次、几倍

3. Although tea wasn’t brought to the Western world until 1610，this beverage was discovered over three thousand years before that.尽管茶到1610年才传到西方，但这种饮料在那之前三千年就已经被发现了。

疑点：hundred,thousand,million等词和具体数字连用时，本身只能用单数形式；没有具体数字修饰和of 构成短语时要用复数形式。如：Millions of ants poured into the kitchen.

Two million ants poured into the kitchen.

难点：句中的although是连词，意为“虽然、尽管”，引导让步状语从句，相当于though，但比though正式，多用于正式文体，二者均不能和but连用，但可以和yet连用。

4. The customer was happy in the end.顾客最终很高兴。

疑点：in the end=at last=finally最后、最终。如：They talked and talked for a long time， in the end they all felt quite tired.

难点：相关短语：at the end of在…的最后、在…的末尾；by the end of到…末为止

二、重点讲解
1. The potato chips were invented by mistakes.土豆条被误打误撞地发明了。

by mistake错误地；make mistakes犯错误、出错；mistake…for把…错当成

如：Li Lei took my umbrella by mistake.

Lily made few mistakes in the English exam.

We often mistake the twins for each other.

2. Did you know the tea，the most popular drink in the world，was invented by accident？你知道茶——世界上最受欢迎的饮料是被偶然发现的吗？

by accident=by chance=accidentally偶然的、无意中。如：Cathy met his classmate on the way to the shop by accident.

3.…this beverage was discovered over three thousand years before that.

discover与find的区别：

find指寻找的结果即“发现、找到”。如：The girl was looking for her wallet， at last she found it under her desk.

discover表示“偶然或经过努力发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误”。

如：Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。

4. According to an ancient Chinese legend，……按照中国古老的传说……

according to 依照、按照、根据

如：According to what he said，we know he was interested in pop music.根据他所说的，我们知道他喜欢流行音乐。
三、语法展示
被动语态

I、被动语态的构成形式be+Vt.p.p.

(一).语态是英语动词的一种形式，是用于表示主语和谓语之间的关系的。英语语态分为主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)两种。

主动语态是表示主语是动作的执行者。如：1)Yesterday I parked my car outside the school.

被动语态是表示主语是动作的承受者。2)A sound of piano is heard in the hall.

(二).被动语态的基本时态变化

在被动语态的句子中，谓语部分的结构是be + Vtp.p.(及物动词过去分词)。其中be是变量，随时态的变化而变化；动词的过去分词是常量，永远不发生变化。当然，这只是指谓语部分而言。be动词作为一个独立的谓语动词有自己现在分词(being)和过去分词 (been)。那么，下面我们来看看be在各种时态中的变化形式：

被动语态通常为八种时态的被动形式。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：

1)am/is/are +done (过去分词)一般现在时

2)has /have been done 现在完成时

3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时

4)was/were done一般过去时

5)had been done过去完成时

6)was/were being done过去进行时

7)shall/will be done一般将来时

8)should/would be done过去将来时

我们可看看下面的实例：

English is spoken in many countries all over the world .(一般现在时)世界上许多国家都讲英文。

Some TV sets for sale in the department store were stolen last night.(一般过去时)那家商场用来出售的部分电视机昨晚被盗。

He won’t be allowed，by his father，to marry Larra.(一般将来时)他父亲不会让他娶拉拉为妻的。

They would be sent to the army when they finished the training.(过去将来时)他们结束训练时将被派往部队。

The project is being carried out.(现在进行时)这个计划正在执行中。

The case was being investigated then.(过去进行时)那时这案子正在调查中。

This novel has been translated into several languages. (现在完成时)这本小说已被译成了几种语言。

They said that production costs had been reduced.(过去完成时)他们说生产成本已经下降了。

II、一般来说，在我们日常生活中，能用主动语态的时候就尽量不去用被动语态。只有在下列情况中我们才用被动语态：

英语里被动语态的使用似乎比汉语要广泛。英语的被动语态常用在下列的场合：1)当我们不知道动作的执行者的时候，如：1、Look！There’s nothing here. Everything has been taken away.

2、My car has been moved！

2)当我们不必提出动作的执行者的时候，如：I was born in 1960.

3)当我们强调或侧重动作的承受者的时候，如：She is liked by everybody.

III、特殊的被动结构

1)带情态动词的被动结构：它的固定句式为“情态动词+be+过去分词”。也有个别带to的情态动词例外，如：ought to和have to，它们的被动结构就只能在不定式中。例如：The debt must be paid off before next month.那笔债务必须在下个月前付清。

The debt has to be paid off before next month.那笔债务必须在下个月前付清。

2)带有两个宾语的主动语态变成被动语态

将这种主动态的句子变成被动态的句子，可选两个宾语中的任何一个作为被动态句子的主语，而将另一个宾语作为“保留宾语”写入被动态的句中。但有一点要说明，那就是，如果你选直接宾语作“主语”，有时要在被动态句子的“保留宾语”前加上合适的介词。因为这些动词常有两种句式，即：我们可以说give sb. sth.，send sb. sth.，buy sb. sth；我们也可以说give sth to sb，send sth to sb，buy sth for sb。请看下面两种情况的对照：

She sent me a novel on my birthday.

I was sent a novel on my birthday.

A novel was sent to me on my birthday.

3)关于带有复合宾语的主动态变成被动态

如果将带有复合宾语(既：宾语+宾语补足语)的主动语态的句子变成被动语态的句子，我们只能选择原来句子的宾语作被动语态句子的主语；而这时，原句里的宾语补足语现在就变成被动语态句子的“主语补足语”了。

The story made us laugh .(宾语补足语)

We were made to laugh by the story.(主语补足语)

4)在使役动词have，make，get以及感官动词see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.

A stranger was seen to walk intothe building.

有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词+介词”，“动词+副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

6)非谓语动词的被动语态。v.+ing形式及不定式to do也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。例I don’t like being laughed at in the public. There are two more trees to be planted.

7)It is said that+从句及其他类似句型。

一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe，consider，expect，report，say，suppose，think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。如：It is said that…据说，It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。

It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.=The boy is said to have passed the national exam.