被动语态的类型(1):及物动词形成
先看如下的例句:
He was told the interesting story by me.
The interesting story was told to him by me.
我把那个有趣的故事告诉他了。
1.有一个宾语的句子的被动语态
He would be punished for it. 他会因此受惩罚的。
2.有两个宾语的句子的被动语态
give,teach…之类的动词后面往往跟两个宾语,也可以叫做双宾语。通常这种句子可以改为以“人”当作主语和以“物”当作主语的两种被动语态。
例1:
Tom gave me a present.汤姆给我一件礼物。
I was given a present by Tom.(以人“I”做主语)
A present was given(to)me by Tom.(以物“present”为主语)
例2:
He teaches us English.他教我们英语。
We are taught English by him.(以人当主语)
English is taught us by him.(以物当主语)
例3:
He bought me a book.他给我买了一本书。
I was bought a book (by him).(以人当主语;此句语法上正确,但实际应用时很别扭,所以一般不用)
A book was bought for me(by him).(以物当主语)
3.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态
call,make之类的动词常常有宾语补足语,在被动语态中,宾语补足语的位置不变。
They call him Bob. 他们叫他鲍勃。
主语 谓语 宾语 宾补
He is called Bob (by them).
主语 谓语 宾语 (Bob位置不变)
注意:
所有带不定式宾语补足语的动词,甚至包括感官动词feel,see,hear,watch,look at,listen to和使役动词let,make,have和动词help在变为被动语态时,一律加to。