一、现在分词的完成式表示其动作在谓语动词的动作之前完成。
1.Having finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.
做完作业后，这个小女孩开始看电视。
2.Having lived in Beijing for many years, Carter knew the city well.
因为在北京住了多年，卡特对这个城市很熟悉。被动式

二、现在分词的被动式表示其逻辑主语为现在分词动作的承受者。
A.现在分词的一般被动式。如:
1.The building being built is our library.
正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆。
2.The question being discussed is of great importance.
正在讨论的问题非常重要。
B.现在分词的完成被动式。如:
1.Having been warned by the teacher, the students didn't make such mistakes.
老师警告他们之后，学生们不再犯这样的错误了。
2.Having been told many times , he still did not know how to do it.
(人家)已经告诉他多少次了，他还是不知道怎么做。

三、现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。如:
1.She sat there reading a novel.
她坐在那里看小说。
2.A little child learning to walk often falls.
学走路的小孩常常跌跤。
现在分词的一般式所表示的动作有时在谓语动词的动作之前发生。如:
Going into the room，he shut the door.
走进房间，他就关上了门。