Locomotor　System 运动系统

osteology 骨学

skeleton 骨骼

bone 骨

diaphysis 骨干

epiphysis骨骺

metaphysis 干骺端

medullary cavity 髓腔

epiphyseal cartilage 骺软骨

epiphyseal line 骺线

compact （or dense） bone 骨密质

spongy （or cancellous） bone 骨松质

diploe 板障

periosteum 骨膜

bone marrow 骨髓

vertebra 椎骨

vertebral column 脊柱

atlas 寰椎

axis 枢椎

cervical vertebra 颈椎

thoracic vertebra 胸椎

lumbar vertebra 腰椎

sacrum 骶骨

coccyx 尾骨

sternum 胸骨

manubrium 胸骨柄

body of the sternum 胸骨体

xiphoid process 剑突

sternal angle 胸骨角

jugular notch 颈静脉切迹

rib 肋骨

costal arch 肋弓

skull（or cranium） 颅

frontal bone 额骨

occipital bone 枕骨

sphenoid bone 蝶骨

temporal bone 颞骨

parietal bone 顶骨

ethmoid bone 筛骨

inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲

lacrimal bone 泪骨

nasal bone 鼻骨

vomer 犁骨

maxilla 上颌骨

palatine bone 腭骨

zygomatic bone 颧骨

mandible 下颌骨

hyoid bone 舌骨

inion（or external occipital protuberance） 枕外隆突

superior nuchal line 上项线

groove for superior sagittal sinus 上矢状窦沟

anterior cranial fossa 颅前窝

cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone 筛板

middle cranial fossa 颅中窝

hypophyseal fossa 垂体窝

optic canal 视神经管

dorsum sellae 鞍背

foramen lacerum 破裂孔

foramen rotundum 圆孔

forame novale 卵圆孔

foramen spinosum 棘孔

superior orbital fissure 眶上裂

posterior cranial fossa 颅后窝

forame nmagnum 枕骨大孔

hypoglossal canal 舌下神经管

jugular foramen 颈静脉孔

internal occipital protuberance 枕内隆突

groove for transverse sinus 横窦沟

groove for sigmoid sinus 乙状窦沟

carotid canal 颈动脉管

styloid process 茎突

stylomastoid foramen 茎乳孔

pterion 翼点

infratemporal fossa 颞下窝

pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝

orbit 眶

supraorbital foramen （or notch） 眶上孔（或切迹）

infraorbital foramen 眶下孔

mental foramen 颏孔

lacrimal sac 泪囊

nasolacrimal canal 鼻泪管

superior （middle，and inferior） nasal meatus 上（中、下）鼻道

paranasal sinus 鼻旁窦

maxillary sinus 上颌窦

fonticuli （or fontanelles） 颅囟

clavicle 锁骨

scapula 肩胛骨

humerus 肱骨

radius 桡骨

ulna 尺骨

carpus 腕骨

metacarpus 掌骨

phalanges 指骨、趾骨

hipbone 髋骨

acetabulum 髋臼

ilium 髂骨

ischium 坐骨

pubis 耻骨

pelvis 骨盆

femur 股骨

patella 髌骨

tibia 胫骨

fibula 腓骨

tarsus 跗骨

talus 距骨

calcaneus 跟骨

metatarsus 跖骨

fibrousjoint 纤维连结

syndesmosis 韧带连结

suture 缝

cartilage joint 软骨连结

synovial joint 滑膜关结

articular surface 关节面

articular capsule 关节囊

articular cavity 关节腔

ligament 韧带

articular disc 关节盘

articular labrum 关节唇

flexion 屈

extension 伸

adduction 收

abduction 展

rotation 旋转

circumduction 环转

pronation 旋前

supination 旋后

eversion 外翻

inversion 内翻

dorsiflexion 背屈

plantarfiexion跖屈

intervertebral disc 椎间盘

fiavum ligament 黄韧带

thoracic cage 胸廓

temporomandibular joint 颞下颌关节

sternoclavicular joint 胸锁关节

shoulder joint 肩关节

glenoid labrum 盂唇

elbow joint 肘关节

anular ligament of radius 桡骨环状韧带

proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节

distal radioulnar jojnt 桡尺远侧关节

wrist joint （or radiocarpal joint） 腕关节（桡腕关节）

flexor retinaculum 屈肌支持带

extensor retinaculum 伸肌支持带

carpometacarpal joint 腕掌关节

metacarpophalangeal joint 掌指关节

interphalangeal joint 指间关节

pubic symphysis 耻骨联合

sacroiliac joint 骶髂关节

sacrotuberous ligament 骶结节韧带

sacrospinous ligament 骶棘韧带

hip joint 髋关节

tere ligament of head of femur 股骨头韧带

knee joint 膝关节

cruciate ligament of knee 膝关节的交叉韧带

lateral meniscus 外侧半月板

medial meniscus 内侧半月板

ankle joint 踝关节

arch of the foot 足弓

muscle 肌肉

tendon 肌腱

aponeurosis 腱膜

fascia 筋膜

superficial fascia 浅筋膜

deep fascia 深筋膜

tendon sheath 腱鞘

fibrous tendon sheath 腱纤维鞘

synovial tendon sheath 腱滑膜鞘

latissimus dorsi muscle 背阔肌

trapezius muscle 斜方肌

erector spinae muscle 竖脊肌

platysma 颈阔肌

sternocleidomastoid muscle 胸锁乳突肌

scaleni muscles 斜角肌

pectoralis major muscle 胸大肌

pectoralis minor muscle 胸小肌

serratus anterior muscle 前锯肌

diaphragm 膈肌

obliquus externus abdominis muscle 腹外斜肌

obliquus internus abdominis muscle 腹内斜肌

transvers usabdonminis muscle 腹横肌

masticatory muscles 咀嚼肌

facial muscles 面肌

deltoid muscle 三角肌

biceps brachii muscle 肱二头肌

triceps brachii muscle 肱三头肌

pronator teres muscle 旋前圆肌

flexor carpi radialis muscle 桡侧腕屈肌

palmaris longus muscle 掌长肌

flexor carpi ulnaris muscle 尺侧腕屈肌

flexor digitorum superiicialis muscle 指浅屈肌

flexor digitorum profundus muscle 指深屈肌

flexor pollicis longus muscle 拇长屈肌

pronator quadratus muscle 旋前方肌

extensor carpi radialis longus muscle 桡侧腕长伸肌

extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle 桡侧腕短伸肌

extensor digitorum muscle 指伸肌

supinator muscle 旋后肌

thenar muscles 鱼际肌

hypothenar muscles 小鱼际肌

lumbrical muscle 蚓状肌

interosseus muscle 骨间肌

gluteus maximus musele 臀大肌

piriformis muscle 梨状肌

quadriceps femoris muscle 股四头肌

sartorius muscle 缝匠肌

biceps femoris muscle 股二头肌

semitendinosus musele 半腱肌

semimembranosus muscle 半膜肌

triceps surae muscle 小腿三头肌

gastrocnemius muscle 腓肠肌

soleus muscle 比目鱼肌

tendo calcaneus 跟腱