Safe Sex

安全的性行为

Topic Overview

关于安全性行为的综述

Sexually transmitted diseases（STDs）are spread by sexual contact involving the genitals, mouth, or rectum, and can also be spread from a pregnant woman to her fetus before or during delivery. STDs, which affect both men and women, are a worldwide public health concern.

性传播疾病（STDs）通过性接触传播，包括生殖器、口腔或者是直肠，同时这些疾病也可能通过怀孕妇女在产前或产中传染给她的胎儿。性传播疾病同时影响男性和女性的健康，已经成为了世界范围的健康问题。

While most STDs can be cured, some cannot, including HIV（which causes AIDS）, genital herpes, and human papillomavirus（HPV）, which can cause genital warts.

一些性传播疾病可以治愈，但有些却无法治愈，像HIV（可引发艾滋病）、生殖器疱疹以及可能导致生殖道尖锐湿疣的人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）。

STDs can be spread by people who don't know they are infected. Always use protection every time you have sex, until you are sure you and your partner are not infected with an STD.

性传播疾病可以通过那些感染了这些疾病但本身并不知情的人传播。通常，每次发生性行为都因该采取保护措施，除非你本人和你的性伴侣都确定没有感染性传播疾病。

If you are in a relationship, delay having sex until you are physically and emotionally prepared, have agreed to only have sex with each other, and have both been tested for STDs.

如果你正在谈恋爱，你应该在心理上和生理上都准备好了，并确认只与对方发生性关系，同时两人都接受了性病检查以后才发生性关系。

Abstinence as prevention

预防的最佳途径是禁欲

Completely avoiding sexual contact（abstinence）, including intercourse or oral sex, is the only certain way to prevent an infection.

完全避免性接触（禁欲），包括传统性交、口交，是唯一可以确保不感染这类疾病的方法。

Discuss safe sex with your partner

和你的爱侣探讨性安全问题

Discuss STDs before you have sex with someone. Even though a sexual partner doesn't have symptoms of an STD, he or she may still be infected.

在确定发生性关系前与你的性伴侣探讨关于性传播疾病的问题。即便任何一方都没有表现出性传播疾病的症状，双方都有可能被感染。

Questions to ask someone before having sex include：

发生性关系前需要回答如下的问题：

How many people have you had sex with？

你曾与多少人发生性关系？

Have you had sex without a condom？

你是否有过没有使用避孕套性交？

Have you ever had anal sex？

你是否有过肛交？

Have you ever had unprotected oral sex？

是否有过未采取任何安全措施的口交？

Do you have many sex partners？

是否有很多性伴侣？

Do you inject illegal drugs or have you had sex with someone who injects drugs？

是否注射毒品或是否与注射毒品的人发生性行为？

Have you ever had unprotected sex with a prostitute？

你是否与没有任何安全措施的妓女发生性关系？

Have you ever had an STD, including hepatitis B or hepatitis C？Was it treated and cured？

你是否曾经感染过性传播疾病，以及乙肝和丙肝？是否治疗或治愈？

Safe sex practices

安全性行为措施

Some STDs, such as HIV, can take up to 6 months before they can be detected in the blood. Genital herpes and the human papillomavirus（HPV）can be spread when symptoms are not present. Even if you and your partner have been tested, use condoms for all sex until you and your partner haven't had sex with another person for 6 months. Then get tested again.

一些性传播疾病像HIV在血液存在6个月后才能被检查出来。生殖器疱疹以及人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）可以在当前任何没有症状的情况下传播。即便你和你的性伴侣都已经作了检查，除非你和你的性伴侣在6个月以内没有与任何第三者发生性关系，任何形式的性行为都需要使用避孕套。6个月以后，再做一次检查。

Watch for symptoms of STDs, such as unusual discharge, sores, redness, or growths in your and your partner's genital area, or pain while urinating.

留意性传染疾病的各种症状，像疼痛、红肿、流脓或者生殖部位增生，以及小便疼痛。

Don't have more than one sex partner at a time. The safest sex is with one partner who has sex only with you. Every time you add a new sex partner, you are being exposed to all of the diseases that all of their partners may have. Your risk for an STD increases if you have several sex partners at the same time.

不要同时有超过一个的性伴侣。最安全的性关系是双方都是对方唯一的性伴侣。每增加一个新的性伴侣，你都会被暴露在他/她所有的伴侣可能感染的疾病面前。你感染性病的机率随着性伴侣的增加而增加。

Use a condom every time you have sex. Latex and polyurethane condoms do not let STD viruses pass through, so they offer good protection from STDs. Condoms made from sheep intestines do not protect against STDs.

每次发生性关系都使用避孕套。橡胶和聚氨酯避孕套都可以阻断性传播疾病病毒传染，所以可以有效地防止性病传播。由羊肠制成的避孕套却不能防止性传播疾病的传染。

Use a water-based lubricant such as K-Y Jelly or Astroglide to help prevent tearing of the skin if there is a lack of lubrication during sexual intercourse. Small tears in the vagina during vaginal sex or in the rectum during anal sex allow STDs to get into your blood.

使用像K-Y Jelly和Astroglide一样的水剂润滑液以防止在性交过程中由于缺乏润滑而致使的皮肤撕裂。阴道性交或肛交中致使的即便是轻微的皮肤破损都可能导致性传播疾病病毒进入血液中去。

Avoid douching if you are a woman, because it can change the normal balance of organisms in the vagina and increases the risk of getting an STD.

如果你是位女士，避免用水灌洗阴道。因为这可能会破坏阴道内部正常的机体平衡，增加感染性病的几率。

Be responsible. Avoid sexual contact if you have symptoms of an infection or if you are being treated for a STD or HIV. If you or your partner has herpes, avoid sexual contact when a blister is present and use condoms at all other times.

要懂得做一个负责任的人。如果你有感染性病的症状或者正在接受性病治疗、HIV治疗，避免与别人有性接触。如果你或你的伴侣有疱疹，应该在出现水疱时避免性接触，在其他的时候发生性接触都得使用避孕套。