两个“生父”两种意义
可见,婚姻法第20条第二项的“生父母”宜译做“real parents".下列取自原著的例句为这种译法提供了实践根据:这”生父母“系同”adoptive parents“即”养父母“相对而言,乃法律用语,如果化为一般用语便是”亲(生)父母“了。既然”亲(生)父母“译做"real parents",则”亲(生)女儿“,”亲(生)子(女)“、”亲(生)姊(妹)“当然也相应地译做"real daughter",”real child"和“real sister"了。请看下列三例所示:
2.I began tO look at the lives Of other women in the socialist movement,and settle on these three,Eleanor
Marx,Rosa Luxemburg,and Angelica Balabanoff —— only one of whom is a real daughter of Kari Marx——as illustrating different reactions to Marxism and to the socialist movement.
——Ronald Florence:Marx's Daughters,The
Dial Press,NY 1975,“Preface"
3.……although only one was a real child,all three were truly Marx's daughters,bound by an ideology and a movement.
——Ibid·,Cover Jacket
4.……he may have been thinking of his half-brother,Alois,as well as his half-sister,Angela Raubal,and his real sister,Paula……
——Robert Payne:The Life,and Death of Adolf Hitler,p.554
回到本文的主旨,再明确一下:根据正确理解,非婚生子女的 “生父”乃“natural(或biological) father”而不做“real father”;养子女的“生父”以译做"real father"为宜(没有任何被误解的可能),但亦不妨译做"natural(或biological) father"(但有可能被误解为养子女兼非婚生子女的生父)。同是一个“生父”,要识别其不同的词义。
附带追问一句:既有“natural father”,有没有“natural moth— er”,又有没有“natural person”呢?回答是:非婚生子女之生母,一般不叫“natural mother”而就(同婚生子女的生母一样)叫“mother”,所以“natural mother”仅与“real mother”同义。至于“natural person”,在英语中是确有其词的,意即“自然人”。你我都是自然人而不是机器人;中国对外翻译出版公司却既非机器人,又非自然人,但仍不失其为人即 person.什么人呢?——“artificial(人为的)person”即“法入”是也