Javelin Throwing: A leather strap was fixed to the shaft of the javelin to form a loop. When throwing, the athlete inserted his index and second fingers into the loop, which allowed him to increase the distance the javelin travelled.

Wrestling: The opponents fought standing up, with bare hands. There were different types of hold. The person who first touched the ground three times was the loser.

Boxing: The fighters' hands were protected by long leather thongs. These ancestors of boxing gloves underwent numerous modifications over time. Pieces of metal  were added on the knuckles, making the punches much more violent.

重点词汇

javelin  n. (投掷用的)标枪

thong  n. 皮带

modification  n. 更改, 修改

knuckle  n. 指节, 关节

insert  v. 插入

loop  n. 环，（绳）圈

wrestling  n. 摔跤

punch  n. 冲击，打击