爱思英语编者按：列夫·尼古拉耶维奇·托尔斯泰，俄国小说家、评论家、剧作家和哲学家，同时也是教育改革家。他最著名的作品是两部长篇小说：《战争与和平》和《安娜·卡列尼娜》。

托尔斯泰被认为是世界上最伟大的作家之一，高尔基曾言：“不认识托尔斯泰者，不可能认识俄罗斯。”在文学创作和社会活动中，他还提出了“托尔斯泰主义”，对很多政治运动有着深刻影响。

Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, also known as Leo Tolstoy, was a Russian writer who primarily wrote novels and short stories. Tolstoy was a master of realistic fiction and is widely considered one of the world's greatest novelists. He is best known for two long novels, War and Peace (1869) and Anna Karenina (1877). Tolstoy first achieved literary acclaim in his 20s for his Sevastopol Sketches (1855), based on his experiences in the Crimean War. Tolstoy is equally known for his complicated and paradoxical persona and for his extreme moralistic and ascetic views, which he adopted after a moral crisis and spiritual awakening in the 1870s.

His literal interpretation of the ethical teachings of Jesus, centering on the Sermon on the Mount, caused him in later life to become a fervent Christian anarchist and anarcho-pacifist. His ideas on nonviolent resistance have a profound impact on such pivotal twentieth-century figures as Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr.

【主要作品】

小说：
短篇《谢尔基神父》《一个人需要多少土地》《高加索的囚徒》《塞瓦斯托波尔纪事》
长篇《童年》《少年》《青年》《战争与和平》《安娜·卡列尼娜》《伊凡·伊里奇之死》《复活》

散文：《什么是艺术》《天国在你们心中》《到底怎么办？》《当代的奴隶制度》

戏剧：《黑暗的势力》《教育的果实》《活尸》

【名言】

Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. - Anna Karenina
幸福的家庭总是相似，不幸的家庭各有各的不幸。《安娜·卡列尼娜》

We can know only that we know nothing. And that is the highest degree of human wisdom. - War and Peace
我们唯一能够知道的是我们一无所知。这便是人类的最高智慧。《战争与和平》

It is amazing how complete is the delusion that beauty is goodness. - The Kreutzer Sonata
美即为善这一错觉竟如此根深蒂固，真令人难以置信。《克莱采奏鸣曲》

Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself.
每个人都想改变世界，却没人想过改变自己。

The two most powerful warriors are patience and time.
耐心与时间是最强大的两个战士。

【电影】

A 2009 film about Tolstoy's final year, The Last Station, based on the novel by Jay Parini, was made by director Michael Hoffman with Christopher Plummer as Tolstoy and Helen Mirren as Sofya Tolstoya. Both performers were nominated for Oscars for their roles.
2009年上映的电影《最后一站》以杰伊·帕里尼的小说为创作依据，讲述了托尔斯泰人生中的最后一年。该片由迈克尔·霍夫曼执导，克里斯托弗·普卢默饰演托尔斯泰，海伦·米伦饰演托尔斯泰的妻子索菲亚。两位演员均凭借此片获得了奥斯卡金像奖提名。