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Dylan Thomas诗三首

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十月的诗

这是我去天堂的第三十年

醒来我倾听港口和附近树林

贻贝聚集、苍鹭

为岸布道

早晨召唤

用水的祷告和海鸥白嘴鸦的啼叫

而帆船敲击网织的墙

我自己踏进

那瞬间

依然沉睡的小镇,动身。

我的生日始于水

鸟和展翅的树木之鸟放飞我的名字

在那些农庄和白马之上

我起身

在多雨之秋

在我所有日子的阵雨中外出。

潮水涨,鹭下潜,当我上路

越过边界

而城门

在小镇醒来时关闭。

涌动的百灵鸟在滚滚

云中,路旁灌木丛溢满乌鸫

的呼哨,十月的太阳

夏天一般

在山冈的肩膀,

天气宜人,甜蜜歌手们突然

走进我游荡其中并倾听

雨水淋湿的早晨

寒风吹透

我脚下远处的树林。

苍白的雨在缩小的海湾上

在大海弄诅的蜗牛大小的教堂上

用触角穿透迷雾,而城堡

棕褐如枭

但春天和夏天的

所有花园都在吹牛中怒放

在边界那边在百灵鸟充斥的云下

在那里我会为

我的生日而惊奇

但天气突变。

它避开那欢乐的国度

随另一气流而下,蓝色改变天空

再次流出夏天的惊愕

和苹果

梨及红醋栗一起

在转变中我如此清楚地看见一个孩子

那些被遗忘的早晨,他和母亲

穿过阳光的

寓言

和那绿色小教堂的传说

以及两次被告知的幼年田野

他的泪灼烫我的脸,心跳在我胸中

在树林河流和大海之处

一个孩子

正倾听

死亡之夏把欢乐的真理

悄悄告诉树石头和潮中的鱼

而神秘

还在

在水中在啼鸟中欢唱。

在那里我会为我的生日惊奇

但天气突变,那长眠的孩子

所歌唱的真正快乐燃烧

在太阳中。

这是我去天堂的

第三十年,站在夏日正午

而下面的小镇满树十月的血。

噢愿我心中真理

仍在这

转变之年的高山上被歌唱。(北岛)

Poem In October

It was my thirtieth year to heaven

Woke to my hearing from harbour and neighbour wood

And the mussel pooled and the heron

Priested shore

The morning beckon

With water praying and call of seagull and rook

And the knock of sailing boats on the net webbed wall

Myself to set foot

That second

In the still sleeping town and set forth.

My birthday began with the water-

Birds and the birds of the winged trees flying my name

Above the farms and the white horses

And I rose

In rainy autumn

And walked abroad in a shower of all my days.

High tide and the heron dived when I took the road

Over the border

And the gates

Of the town closed as the town awoke.

A springful of larks in a rolling

Cloud and the roadside bushes brimming with whistling

Blackbirds and the sun of October

Summery

On the hill's shoulder,

Here were fond climates and sweet singers suddenly

Come in the morning where I wandered and listened

To the rain wringing

Wind blow cold

In the wood faraway under me.

Pale rain over the dwindling harbour

And over the sea wet church the size of a snail

With its horns through mist and the castle

Brown as owls

But all the gardens

Of spring and summer were blooming in the tall tales

Beyond the border and under the lark full cloud.

There could I marvel

My birthday

Away but the weather turned around.

It turned away from the blithe country

And down the other air and the blue altered sky

Streamed again a wonder of summer

With apples

Pears and red currants

And I saw in the turning so clearly a child's

Forgotten mornings when he walked with his mother

Through the parables

Of sun light

And the legends of the green chapels

And the twice told fields of infancy

That his tears burned my cheeks and his heart moved in mine.

These were the woods the river and sea

Where a boy

In the listening

Summertime of the dead whispered the truth of his joy

To the trees and the stones and the fish in the tide.

And the mystery

Sang alive

Still in the water and singingbirds.

And there could I marvel my birthday

Away but the weather turned around. And the true

Joy of the long dead child sang burning

In the sun.

It was my thirtieth

Year to heaven stood there then in the summer noon

Though the town below lay leaved with October blood.

O may my heart's truth

Still be sung

On this high hill in a year's turning.

而死亡也不得称霸

而死亡也不得称霸。

死者赤裸他们将

与风中人西边月合一;

当他们骨头剔净消失,

他们肘边脚下会有星星;

尽管发疯他们会清醒,

尽管沉入大海他们会再升起;

尽管失去恋人爱情依旧;

而死亡也不得称霸。

而死亡也不得称霸。

在大海的九曲回肠下

他们久卧不会如风消失;

在刑架辗转精疲力竭,

绑在轮上,他们不会碎裂;

在他们手中信仰会折断,

独角兽之恶穿透他们;

四分五裂他们不会屈服;

而死亡也不得称霸。

而死亡也不得称霸。

没有海鸥在他们耳边叫喊

或波浪轰击海岸;

花吹落处不再有花

昂头迎向风雨;

尽管发疯彻底死去,

那些人击穿雏菊崭露头角;

闯入太阳直到太阳碎裂,

而死亡也不得称霸。

(北岛译)

And Death Shall Have No Dominion

And death shall have no dominion.

Dead mean naked they shall be one

With the man in the wind and the west moon;

When their bones are picked clean and the clen bones gone,

They shall have stars at elbow and foot;

Though they go mad they shall be sane,

Though they sink through the sea they shall rise again;

Though lovers be lost love shall not;

And death shall have no dominion.

And death shall have no dominion.

Under the windings of the sea

They lying long shall not die windily;

Twisting on racks when sinews give way,

Strapped to a wheel, yet they shall not break;

Faith in their hands shall snap in two,

And the unicorn evils run them through;

Split all ends up they shan't crack;

And death shall have no dominion.

And death shall have no dominion.

No more may gulls cry at their ears

Or waves break loud on the seashores;

Where blew a flower may a flower no more

Lift its head to the blows of the rain;

Through they be mad and dead as nails,

Heads of the characters hammer through daisies;

Break in the sun till the sun breaks down,

And death shall have no dominion.

通过绿色导火索催开花朵的力量

通过绿色导火索催开花朵的力量

催开我绿色年华;炸毁树根的力量

是我的毁灭者。

而我哑然告知弯曲的玫瑰

我的青春同样被冬天的高烧压弯。

驱动穿透岩。石之水的力量

驱动我的鲜血;枯竭滔滔不绝的力量

使我的血凝结。

而我哑然告知我的血管

同样的嘴怎样吮吸那山泉。

在池中搅动水的手

搅动流沙;牵引急风的手

牵引我裹尸布的帆。

而我哑然告知那绞死的人

我的泥土怎样制成刽子手的石灰。

时间之唇蛭吸源泉;

爱情滴散聚合,但沉落的血

会平息她的痛楚。

我哑然告知一种气候的风

时间怎样沿星星滴答成天堂。

而我哑然告知情人的墓穴

我床单上怎样蠕动着同样的蛆虫。

(北岛译)

The Force that Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower

The force that through the green fuse drives the flower

Drives my green age; that blasts the roots of trees

Is my destroyer.

And I am dumb to tell the crooked rose

My youth is bent by the same wintry fever.

The force that drives the water through the rocks

Drives my red blood; that dries the mouthing streams

Turns mine to wax.

And I am dumb to mouth unto my veins

How at the mountain spring the same mouth sucks.

The hand that whirls the water in the pool

Stirs the quicksand; that ropes the blowing wind

Hauls my shroud sail.

And I am dumb to tell the hanging man

How of my clay is made the hangman's lime.

The lips of time leech to the fountain head;

Love drips and gathers, but the fallen blood

Shall calm her sores.

And I am dumb to tell a weather's wind

How time has ticked a heaven round the stars.

And I am dumb to tell the lover's tomb

How at my sheet goes the same crooked worm

[赏析]:

二十五年前我头一次听到这首诗。那是在《今天》编辑部每月例行的作品讨论会上,迈平把狄兰介绍给大家,并读了几首自己的译作,其中就包括这首诗。我记得众人的反应是张着嘴,但几乎什么都没说。我想首先被镇住的是那无以伦比的节奏和音调,其次才是他那辉煌的意象。很多年后我听到狄兰自己朗诵这首诗的录音带。他的声音浑厚低沉,微微颤抖,抑扬顿挫,如同萨满教巫师的祝福诅咒一般,让人惊悚。 通过绿色导火索催开花朵的力量/催开我绿色年华;炸毁树根的力量/是我的毁灭者。/而我哑然告知弯曲的玫瑰/我的青春同样被冬天的高烧压弯。我曾反复说过,一首诗开篇至关重要,一锤定音,有如神助一般,可遇而不可求。狄兰的第一句就是如此。绿色导火索与花朵的因果关系,正是通过催开这一动词连接并推动的,如果用另一种处理方式,或置换另一个动词,就会毁掉这一句甚至整首诗。若仅有通过绿色导火索催开花朵的力量还不够,紧接着催开我绿色年华成为第二推动力,由此带出炸毁树根的力量/是我的毁灭者。纵观全诗,每一句都是由这类相关联的两组意象组成的。而我哑然告知弯曲的玫瑰/我的青春同样被冬天的高烧压弯。我前面提到过哑然告知,恰恰表明了诗歌写作的困境在语言限度与可能之间。冬天的高烧又是典型的矛盾修辞法,处理不好,效果会适得其反。

驱动穿透岩石之水的力量/驱动我的鲜血;枯竭滔滔不绝的力量/使我的血凝结。/而我哑然告知我的血管/同样的嘴怎样吮吸那山泉。第二段如果压不过第一段,也丝毫不能示弱。穿透岩石之水与我的鲜血对应,用滴水穿石比喻人的生命力,反之亦然。在这一段用了三个和嘴相关的意象:第一次是滔滔不绝(mouthing),第三次是同样的嘴,而第二次是我哑然告知(I amdumb to mouth),仅在这一段和其他的我哑然告知(I am dumb to tell)不同,用嘴替代告知。可惜在翻译中难以反映出来。

在池中搅动水的手/搅动流沙;牵引急风的手/牵引我裹尸布的帆。/而我哑然告知那绞死的人/我的泥土怎样制成刽子手的石灰。第三段音调的转变,是从句式变化开始的,而动词仍是改变句式的动力:搅动、牵引、制成。牵引我裹尸布的帆带人死亡意象。在绞死的人、刽子手与我之间,由于生死相连,在某种意义上构成某种共谋关系。

时间之唇蛭吸源泉;/爱情滴散聚合,但沉落的血/会平息她的痛楚。/我哑然告知一种气候的风/时间怎样沿星星滴答成天堂。第四段第一句非常精彩:时间之唇蛭吸源泉。正如我刚才分析翻译时提到动词蛭吸(leech),正是这个让人疼痛畏惧的词,显示出时间之唇的贪婪和残忍。爱情滴散聚合正与时间之唇蛭吸源泉相呼应,但沉落的血/会平息她的痛楚,在这里,她显然是指爱情。时间怎样沿星星滴答成天堂让人拍案叫绝,足以在结尾处压住分量。

而我哑然告知情人的墓穴/我床单上怎样蠕动着同样的蛆虫。最后一段由两行组成,是对整首诗的主题——自然、生死、爱情相生相克的总结。

这是一首伟大的现代抒情诗。诗歌写作是一种危险的平衡。狄兰的伟大之处就在于他把握住这一危险的平衡,找到容纳他那野蛮力量的唯一形式。他这首诗如此雄辩,如此浑然一体。在某种意义上,一首好诗是不讲理的,靠的是通过绿色导火索催开花朵的力量,穿透语言与逻辑之网。

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