Chapter 1 The Science of Deduction

Sherlock Holmes took his bottle from the corner of the mantel- piece and his hypodermic syringe from its neat morocco case. With his long, white, nervous fingers he adjusted the delicate needle, and rolled back his left shirt-cuff. For some little time his eyes rested thoughtfully upon the sinewy forearm and wrist all dotted and scarred with innumerable puncture-marks. Finally he thrust the sharp point home, pressed down the tiny piston, and sank back into the velvet-lined arm-chair with a long sigh of satisfaction.

Three times a day for many months I had witnessed this performance, but custom had not reconciled my mind to it. On the contrary, from day to day I had become more irritable at the sight, and my conscience swelled nightly within me at the thought that I had lacked the courage to protest. Again and again I had registered a vow that I should deliver my soul upon the subject, but there was that in the cool, nonchalant air of my companion which made him the last man with whom one would care to take anything approaching to a liberty. His great powers, his masterly manner, and the experience which I had had of his many extraordinary qualities, all made me diffident and backward in crossing him.

Yet upon that afternoon, whether it was the Beaune which I had taken with my lunch, or the additional exasperation produced by the extreme deliberation of his manner, I suddenly felt that I could hold out no longer.

"Which is it to-day?" I asked,--"morphine or cocaine?"

He raised his eyes languidly from the old black-letter volume which he had opened. "It is cocaine," he said,--"a seven-per- cent. solution. Would you care to try it?"

"No, indeed," I answered, brusquely. "My constitution has not got over the Afghan campaign yet. I cannot afford to throw any extra strain upon it."

He smiled at my vehemence. "Perhaps you are right, Watson," he said. "I suppose that its influence is physically a bad one. I find it, however, so transcendently stimulating and clarifying to the mind that its secondary action is a matter of small moment."

"But consider!" I said, earnestly. "Count the cost! Your brain may, as you say, be roused and excited, but it is a pathological and morbid process, which involves increased tissue-change and may at last leave a permanent weakness. You know, too, what a black reaction comes upon you. Surely the game is hardly worth the candle. Why should you, for a mere passing pleasure, risk the loss of those great powers with which you have been endowed? Remember that I speak not only as one comrade to another, but as a medical man to one for whose constitution he is to some extent answerable."

He did not seem offended. On the contrary, he put his finger- tips together and leaned his elbows on the arms of his chair, like one who has a relish for conversation.

"My mind," he said, "rebels at stagnation. Give me problems, give me work, give me the most abstruse cryptogram or the most intricate analysis, and I am in my own proper atmosphere. I can dispense then with artificial stimulants. But I abhor the dull routine of existence. I crave for mental exaltation. That is why I have chosen my own particular profession,--or rather created it, for I am the only one in the world."

"The only unofficial detective?" I said, raising my eyebrows.

"The only unofficial consulting detective," he answered. "I am the last and highest court of appeal in detection. When Gregson or Lestrade or Athelney Jones are out of their depths--which, by the way, is their normal state--the matter is laid before me. I examine the data, as an expert, and pronounce a specialist's opinion. I claim no credit in such cases. My name figures in no newspaper. The work itself, the pleasure of finding a field for my peculiar powers, is my highest reward. But you have yourself had some experience of my methods of work in the Jefferson Hope case."

"Yes, indeed," said I, cordially. "I was never so struck by anything in my life. I even embodied it in a small brochure with the somewhat fantastic title of 'A Study in Scarlet.'"

He shook his head sadly. "I glanced over it," said he. "Honestly, I cannot congratulate you upon it. Detection is, or ought to be, an exact science, and should be treated in the same cold and unemotional manner. You have attempted to tinge it with romanticism, which produces much the same effect as if you worked a love-story or an elopement into the fifth proposition of Euclid."

"But the romance was there," I remonstrated. "I could not tamper with the facts."

"Some facts should be suppressed, or at least a just sense of proportion should be observed in treating them. The only point in the case which deserved mention was the curious analytical reasoning from effects to causes by which I succeeded in unraveling it."

I was annoyed at this criticism of a work which had been specially designed to please him. I confess, too, that I was irritated by the egotism which seemed to demand that every line of my pamphlet should be devoted to his own special doings. More than once during the years that I had lived with him in Baker Street I had observed that a small vanity underlay my companion's quiet and didactic manner. I made no remark, however, but sat nursing my wounded leg. I had a Jezail bullet through it some time before, and, though it did not prevent me from walking, it ached wearily at every change of the weather.

"My practice has extended recently to the Continent," said Holmes, after a while, filling up his old brier-root pipe. "I was consulted last week by Francois Le Villard, who, as you probably know, has come rather to the front lately in the French detective service. He has all the Celtic power of quick intuition, but he is deficient in the wide range of exact knowledge which is essential to the higher developments of his art. The case was concerned with a will, and possessed some features of interest. I was able to refer him to two parallel cases, the one at Riga in 1857, and the other at St. Louis in 1871, which have suggested to him the true solution. Here is the letter which I had this morning acknowledging my assistance." He tossed over, as he spoke, a crumpled sheet of foreign notepaper. I glanced my eyes down it, catching a profusion of notes of admiration, with stray "magnifiques," "coup-de-maitres," and "tours-de-force," all testifying to the ardent admiration of the Frenchman.

"He speaks as a pupil to his master," said I.

"Oh, he rates my assistance too highly," said Sherlock Holmes, lightly. "He has considerable gifts himself. He possesses two out of the three qualities necessary for the ideal detective. He has the power of observation and that of deduction. He is only wanting in knowledge; and that may come in time. He is now translating my small works into French."

"Your works?"

"Oh, didn't you know?" he cried, laughing. "Yes, I have been guilty of several monographs. They are all upon technical subjects. Here, for example, is one 'Upon the Distinction between the Ashes of the Various Tobaccoes.' In it I enumerate a hundred and forty forms of cigar-, cigarette-, and pipe-tobacco, with colored plates illustrating the difference in the ash. It is a point which is continually turning up in criminal trials, and which is sometimes of supreme importance as a clue. If you can say definitely, for example, that some murder has been done by a man who was smoking an Indian lunkah, it obviously narrows your field of search. To the trained eye there is as much difference between the black ash of a Trichinopoly and the white fluff of bird's-eye as there is between a cabbage and a potato."

"You have an extraordinary genius for minutiae," I remarked.

"I appreciate their importance. Here is my monograph upon the tracing of footsteps, with some remarks upon the uses of plaster of Paris as a preserver of impresses. Here, too, is a curious little work upon the influence of a trade upon the form of the hand, with lithotypes of the hands of slaters, sailors, corkcutters, compositors, weavers, and diamond-polishers. That is a matter of great practical interest to the scientific detective,--especially in cases of unclaimed bodies, or in discovering the antecedents of criminals. But I weary you with my hobby."

"Not at all," I answered, earnestly. "It is of the greatest interest to me, especially since I have had the opportunity of observing your practical application of it. But you spoke just now of observation and deduction. Surely the one to some extent implies the other."

"Why, hardly," he answered, leaning back luxuriously in his arm- chair, and sending up thick blue wreaths from his pipe. "For example, observation shows me that you have been to the Wigmore Street Post-Office this morning, but deduction lets me know that when there you dispatched a telegram."

"Right!" said I. "Right on both points! But I confess that I don't see how you arrived at it. It was a sudden impulse upon my part, and I have mentioned it to no one."

"It is simplicity itself," he remarked, chuckling at my surprise,--"so absurdly simple that an explanation is superfluous; and yet it may serve to define the limits of observation and of deduction. Observation tells me that you have a little reddish mould adhering to your instep. Just opposite the Seymour Street Office they have taken up the pavement and thrown up some earth which lies in such a way that it is difficult to avoid treading in it in entering. The earth is of this peculiar reddish tint which is found, as far as I know, nowhere else in the neighborhood. So much is observation. The rest is deduction."

"How, then, did you deduce the telegram?"

"Why, of course I knew that you had not written a letter, since I sat opposite to you all morning. I see also in your open desk there that you have a sheet of stamps and a thick bundle of post- cards. What could you go into the post-office for, then, but to send a wire? Eliminate all other factors, and the one which remains must be the truth."

"In this case it certainly is so," I replied, after a little thought. "The thing, however, is, as you say, of the simplest. Would you think me impertinent if I were to put your theories to a more severe test?"

"On the contrary," he answered, "it would prevent me from taking a second dose of cocaine. I should be delighted to look into any problem which you might submit to me."

"I have heard you say that it is difficult for a man to have any object in daily use without leaving the impress of his individuality upon it in such a way that a trained observer might read it. Now, I have here a watch which has recently come into my possession. Would you have the kindness to let me have an opinion upon the character or habits of the late owner?"

I handed him over the watch with some slight feeling of amusement in my heart, for the test was, as I thought, an impossible one, and I intended it as a lesson against the somewhat dogmatic tone which he occasionally assumed. He balanced the watch in his hand, gazed hard at the dial, opened the back, and examined the works, first with his naked eyes and then with a powerful convex lens. I could hardly keep from smiling at his crestfallen face when he finally snapped the case to and handed it back.

"There are hardly any data," he remarked. "The watch has been recently cleaned, which robs me of my most suggestive facts."

"You are right," I answered. "It was cleaned before being sent to me." In my heart I accused my companion of putting forward a most lame and impotent excuse to cover his failure. What data could he expect from an uncleaned watch?

"Though unsatisfactory, my research has not been entirely barren," he observed, staring up at the ceiling with dreamy, lack-lustre eyes. "Subject to your correction, I should judge that the watch belonged to your elder brother, who inherited it from your father."

"That you gather, no doubt, from the H. W. upon the back?"

"Quite so. The W. suggests your own name. The date of the watch is nearly fifty years back, and the initials are as old as the watch: so it was made for the last generation. Jewelry usually descends to the eldest son, and he is most likely to have the same name as the father. Your father has, if I remember right, been dead many years. It has, therefore, been in the hands of your eldest brother."

"Right, so far," said I. "Anything else?"

"He was a man of untidy habits,--very untidy and careless. He was left with good prospects, but he threw away his chances, lived for some time in poverty with occasional short intervals of prosperity, and finally, taking to drink, he died. That is all I can gather."

I sprang from my chair and limped impatiently about the room with considerable bitterness in my heart.

"This is unworthy of you, Holmes," I said. "I could not have believed that you would have descended to this. You have made inquires into the history of my unhappy brother, and you now pretend to deduce this knowledge in some fanciful way. You cannot expect me to believe that you have read all this from his old watch! It is unkind, and, to speak plainly, has a touch of charlatanism in it."

"My dear doctor," said he, kindly, "pray accept my apologies. Viewing the matter as an abstract problem, I had forgotten how personal and painful a thing it might be to you. I assure you, however, that I never even knew that you had a brother until you handed me the watch."

"Then how in the name of all that is wonderful did you get these facts? They are absolutely correct in every particular."

"Ah, that is good luck. I could only say what was the balance of probability. I did not at all expect to be so accurate."

"But it was not mere guess-work?"

"No, no: I never guess. It is a shocking habit,--destructive to the logical faculty. What seems strange to you is only so because you do not follow my train of thought or observe the small facts upon which large inferences may depend. For example, I began by stating that your brother was careless. When you observe the lower part of that watch-case you notice that it is not only dinted in two places, but it is cut and marked all over from the habit of keeping other hard objects, such as coins or keys, in the same pocket. Surely it is no great feat to assume that a man who treats a fifty-guinea watch so cavalierly must be a careless man. Neither is it a very far-fetched inference that a man who inherits one article of such value is pretty well provided for in other respects."

I nodded, to show that I followed his reasoning.

"It is very customary for pawnbrokers in England, when they take a watch, to scratch the number of the ticket with a pin-point upon the inside of the case. It is more handy than a label, as there is no risk of the number being lost or transposed. There are no less than four such numbers visible to my lens on the inside of this case. Inference,--that your brother was often at low water. Secondary inference,--that he had occasional bursts of prosperity, or he could not have redeemed the pledge. Finally, I ask you to look at the inner plate, which contains the key-hole. Look at the thousands of scratches all round the hole,--marks where the key has slipped. What sober man's key could have scored those grooves? But you will never see a drunkard's watch without them. He winds it at night, and he leaves these traces of his unsteady hand. Where is the mystery in all this?"

"It is as clear as daylight," I answered. "I regret the injustice which I did you. I should have had more faith in your marvellous faculty. May I ask whether you have any professional inquiry on foot at present?"

"None. Hence the cocaine. I cannot live without brain-work. What else is there to live for? Stand at the window here. Was ever such a dreary, dismal, unprofitable world? See how the yellow fog swirls down the street and drifts across the dun- colored houses. What could be more hopelessly prosaic and material? What is the use of having powers, doctor, when one has no field upon which to exert them? Crime is commonplace, existence is commonplace, and no qualities save those which are commonplace have any function upon earth."

I had opened my mouth to reply to this tirade, when with a crisp knock our landlady entered, bearing a card upon the brass salver.

"A young lady for you, sir," she said, addressing my companion.

"Miss Mary Morstan," he read. "Hum! I have no recollection of the name. Ask the young lady to step up, Mrs. Hudson. Don't go, doctor. I should prefer that you remain."
 

第一章 演绎法的研究

歇洛克·福尔摩斯从壁炉台的角上拿下一瓶药水，再从一只整洁的山羊皮皮匣里取出皮下注射器来。他用白而有劲的长手指装好了一精一细的针头，卷起了他左臂的衬衫袖口。他沉思地对自己的肌肉发达、留有很多针一孔痕迹的胳臂注视了一会儿，终于把针尖刺入肉中，推动小小的针心，然后躺在绒面的安乐椅里，满足地喘了一大口气。

他这样的动作每天三次，几个月来我已经看惯了，但是心中总是不以为然。一天一天地过去，这个情况给我的刺激日渐增加。因为我没有勇气阻止他，每到夜深人静，想起此事，就感觉良心不安。我不止一次地想把心里的话向他说，但是由于我的朋友一性一情冷漠、孤僻，而且不肯接受意见，使我觉得要想向他无拘无束地进一忠告，不是一件容易的事。他的毅力，他自以为是的态度和我所体验过的他那许多非常的一性一格，都使我胆怯而不愿惹他不高兴。

但是，这一天下午，也许是我在午饭时喝了葡萄酒，也许是因为他那满不在乎的态度激怒了我，我觉得再不能容忍下去了。

我问他道：“今天注射的是什么？吗啡，还是可卡因？”①——

①可卡因（Cocaine）又名古柯硷，是鸦片、吗啡同类的麻醉品，用久可以成瘾。——译者注

他刚打开一本旧书，无力地抬起头来说道：“这是可卡因，百分之七的溶液。你要试试吗？”

我毫不客气地回答道：“我不要试。阿富汗的战役害得我的体质至今没有恢复。我再不能摧一残它了。”

他对我的恼怒，含笑答道：“华生，也许你是对的。我也知道这对于身一体是有害的，不过我感觉它既有这样强烈的兴奋和醒脑的能力，它的副作用也就没有什么重要了。”

我诚恳地说道：“可是你也考虑考虑利害得失吧！你的脑筋也许象你所说的那样，能够因刺激而兴奋起来，然而这究竟是戕害自身的作法。它会引岂不断加剧的器官组织变质，否则至少也会导致长期衰弱，你也知道这种药所能引起的不一良反应，实在是得不偿失。你为什么只顾一时的快一感，戕害你那天赋的卓越过人的一精一力呢？你应当知道，我这不仅是从朋友的立场出发，而且还是作为一个对你的健康负责的医生而说的话。”

看来，他听了不仅没有生气，反而把十指对顶在一起，把两肘安放在椅子的扶手上，象是对谈话颇感兴趣的样子。

他道：“我好动不好静，一遇无事可做的时候，我就会心绪不宁起来。给我难题，给我工作，给我最深奥的密码，给我最复杂的分析工作，这样我才觉得最舒适，才不需要人为的刺激。我非常憎恶平淡的生活，我追求一精一神上的兴奋，因此我选择了我自己的特殊职业——也可以说是我创造了这个职业，因为我是世界上唯一从事这种职业的人。”

我抬眼问道：“唯一的私人侦探吗？”

他答道：“唯一私家咨询侦探。我是侦探的最高裁决机关。当葛莱森、雷斯垂德或埃瑟尔尼·琼斯遇到困难的时候——这倒是他们常有的事——他们就来向我请教。我以专家的资格，审查材料，贡献一个专家的意见。我不居功，报纸上也不发表我的名字。工作本身使我的特殊一精一力得到发挥的这种快乐，就是我无上的报酬。你总还记得在杰弗逊·侯波案里我的工作方法所给你的一些经验吧？”

我热诚地答道：“不错，我还记得。那是我平生从未遇到过的破案。我已经把始末写成一本册子，用了一个新颖的标题：《血字的研究》。”

他不满意地摇头道：“我约略看过一遍，实在不敢恭维。要知道，侦探术是——或者应当是一种一精一确的科学，应当用同样冷静而不是感情用事的方法来研究它。你把它渲染上一层小说色彩，结果就弄得象是在几何定理里掺进了恋一爱一故事一样了。”

我反驳他道：“但是书中确有象小说的情节，我不能歪曲事实。”

“有些事实可以不写，至少要把重点所在显示出来。这案件里唯一值得提出的，只是我怎样从事实的结果找出原因，再经过一精一密的分析和推断而破案的过程。”

我写那篇短文，本来是想要得到他的欢心，没想到反而受到了批评，心中很不愉快。我承认，正是他的自负激怒了我，他的要求似乎是：我的著作必须完全用来描写他个人的行为。在我和他同住在贝克街的几年里，我不止一次地发觉我那伙伴在静默和说教的态度里，总隐藏着一些骄傲和自负。我不愿多说了，只是坐着抚一摩我的伤腿，我的腿以前曾被槍弹打穿，虽然不碍走路，但是一遇天气变化就感到痛楚难堪。

停了一会，福尔摩斯装满了烟斗，慢慢说道：“最近我的业务已经发展到欧洲大一陆了。上星期就有一个叫做福朗斯瓦·勒·维亚尔的人来向我请教，你也许知道，这个人在法国侦探界里最近已崭露头角。他具有凯尔特民族的敏一感一性一，可是缺乏提高他的技术所必需的广泛学识。他所请教的是有关一件遗嘱的案子，很有趣味。我介绍了两个相似的案情给他作参考：一件是一八五七年里加城的案件，另一件是一八七一年圣路易城的那个案子。这两个案情给他指明了破案的途径。这就是今天早晨接到的他的致谢信。"说着他就把一张弄皱的外国信纸递给了我。我看了看，信里夹杂着许多恭维话，充满了"伟大"，“高超的手段"，“有力的行动"等等表示这位法国人的热情、景仰和称赞的话。

我道：“他象是个在和老师讲话的小学生。”

歇洛克·福尔摩斯轻轻地说道：“啊，他把我所给他的帮助估价过高了，他自己也有相当的才能呢。一个理想的侦探家所必备的条件，他大半都有。他有观察和推断的能力，只是缺乏学识，这个，他将来还是可以得到的。他现在正在把我的几篇短作译成法文。”

“你的作品？”

他笑道：“你不知道吗？很惭愧，我写过几篇专论，全是技术方面的。你记得不记得那一起：‘论各种烟灰的辨认。在那里面，我举出了一百四十种雪茄烟、纸烟、烟斗丝的烟灰，还用彩色的插图说明各种烟灰的区别。这是在刑事案件审判中常常出现的证据，有时甚至是全案最重要的线索。如果你回忆一下那个杰弗逊·侯波案件，你就会知道：烟灰的辨别，对于破案多少是有些帮助的。譬如说你能确定在一个谋杀案里的凶手是吸印度雪茄烟的，这样，显然就把你的侦查范围缩小了。印度雪茄烟的黑灰和鸟眼烟的白灰的不同，在训练有素的人看来，就如同白菜和马铃薯的区别一样的分明。”

我道：“你对审查细微的事物确实具有特殊的才能。”"我感觉到了它们的重要一性一。这就是我写的关于跟踪脚印的专论，里边还提到使用熟石膏保存脚印的方法。这里还有一篇新破的小论文，说明一个人的职业可以影响到他的手形，附有石工、水手、木刻工人、排字工人、织布工人和磨钻石工人的手形插图。这些对于科学的侦探术是有很大的实际意义的。特别是在遇有无名一尸一体的案件和探索罪犯身分等时都有用处。噢，我只顾谈我的嗜好，使你心烦了吧？”

我恳切地回答道：“非但不觉得心烦，并且极感兴趣。这是因为我曾经亲自看见过你对于这些方法的应用。你方才谈到观察和推断，当然，在一定程度上，这两方面是彼此关联着的。”

他舒服地靠在椅背上，从烟斗里喷一出一股浓厚的蓝烟来说道：“没有什么关联。举例来说：观察的结果说明，你今早曾到韦格摩尔街邮局去过，而通过推断，却知道了，你在那里发过一封电报。”

我道：“对！完全不错！但是我真不明白，你怎么知道的。那是我一时突然的行动，并没有告诉任何人啊。”

他看到我的惊破，很得意地笑道：“这个太简单了，简直用不着解释，但是解释一下倒可以分清观察和推断的范围。我观察到在你的鞋面上沾有一小块红泥，韦格摩尔街邮局对面正在修路，从路上掘出的泥，堆积在便道上，走进邮局的人很难不踏进泥里去，那里的泥是一种特殊红色的，据我了解，附近再没有那种颜色的泥土了。这就是从观察上得来的，其余的就都是由推断得来的了。”

“那么你怎么推断到那封电报呢？”

“今天整整一个上午我都坐在你的对面，并没有看见你写过一封信。在你的桌子上面，我也注意到有一大整张的邮票和一捆明信片，那么你去邮局除了发电报还会作什么呢？除去其他的因素，剩下的必是事实了。”

我略想了一想又道：“这件事确实如此，正合你的说法，这是最简单的一件事了。我现在给你一个比较复杂的考验，你不觉得我鲁莽吧？”

他答道：“正相反，我很欢迎，这可以使我省去第二次注射可卡因了。你所提出的任何问题，我都高兴研究。”

“我常常听你说，在任何一件日用品上面，很难不留下一些能显示使用者特征的痕迹，受过训练的人是很容易辨认出来的。现在我这里有一只新得来的表，你能不能从上面找出它的旧主人的一性一格和一习一惯呢？”

我把表递给了他，心里不禁好笑。因为依我想来，这个试验是无法解答的，也可算是我给他平日独断作风的一个教训吧。他把表拿在手里，仔细地端详着，看了看表盘，又打开表盖，留心察看了里面的机件，先用肉一眼，后来又用高倍放大镜观察。他面部沮丧的表情，几乎使我笑了出来，最后，他关上表盖，把表还给了我。

他道：“这里几乎没有遗留的痕迹可寻，因为这只表最近擦过油泥，把最主要的痕迹搞掉了。”

我答道：“不错，这只表是擦过了油泥以后才落到我的手里的。"我心中对我伙伴用这一点作借口来掩饰他的失败很不以为然。就是一只未修过的表，又能寻出什么有助于推断的痕迹呢？

他用半闭无神的眼睛仰望着天花板说道："虽然遗痕不多，我的观察也并没有完全落空。姑且说一说请你指正吧。我想这只表是你哥哥的，是你父亲留给他的。”

“很对，你是从在表的背面上所刻的HW．．两个字头知道的吧？”

“不错，W代表你的姓。这只表差不多是五十年前制造的，表上刻的字和制表的时期差不多，所以我知道这是你上一辈的遗物。按照一习一惯，凡是珠宝一类的东西，多传给长子，长子又往往袭用父亲的名字。如果我记忆不错，你父亲已去世多年，所以我断定这只表是在你哥哥手里的。”

我道：“这都不错，还有别的没有？”

“他是一个放一荡不羁的人。当初他很有光明的前程，可是他把好机会都放过去了，所以常常生活潦倒，偶然也有时景况很好，最后因为好酒而死。这都是我所看出来的。”

我从椅子上跳起来，忍不住在屋内无一精一打采地踱来踱去，内心有无限辛酸。

我道：“福尔摩斯，这就是你的不对了。我真无法相信，你竟然会耍出这么一套来，你一定预先访察了我哥哥的惨史，现在假装用一些玄妙的方法，推断出来这些事实。你想我会相信你从这只旧表上就能够发现这些事实吗？不客气地说，你这些话简直是有些仆人。”

他和蔼地答道：“亲一爱一的医师，请你宽恕我。我按着理论来推断一个问题，却忘了这可能对你是一件痛苦的事情。我向你保证，在你给我观察这只表以前，我并不知道你还有一位哥哥呢。”

“可是你怎么能这样神妙地推测出这些事实来呢？你所说的没有一样不是与事实相符的。”

“啊！这还算侥幸，我只是说出一些可能的情况，并没想到会这样正确。”

“那么你并不是猜想出来的了？”

“对，对，我向来不猜想。猜想是很不好的一习一惯，它有害于作逻辑的推理。你所以觉得破怪，是因为你没有了解我的思路，没有注意到往往能推断出大事来的那些细小问题。举例来说吧，我开始时曾说你哥哥的行为很不谨慎。请看这只表，不仅下面边缘上有凹痕两处，整个表的上面还有无数的伤痕，这是因为惯于把表放在有钱币、钥匙一类硬东西的衣袋里的缘故。对一只价值五十多金镑的表这样不经心，说他生活不检点，总不算是过分吧！单是这只表已经如此贵重，若说遗产不丰富，也是没有道理的。”

我点着头，表示领会了他的道理。

“伦敦当票的惯例是：每收进一只表，必定要用针尖把当票的号码刻在表的里面，这个办法比较挂一个牌子好，可以免去号码失掉或混乱的危险。用放大镜细看里面，发现了这类号码至少有四个。结论是：你哥哥常常窘困；附带的结论是：他有时景况很好，否则他就不会有力量去赎当了。最后请你注意这有钥匙孔的里盖，围绕钥匙孔有上千的伤痕，这是由于被钥匙摩一擦而造成的。清醒的人插钥匙，不是一插就进去吗？醉汉的表没有不留下这些痕迹的。他晚上上弦，所以留下了手腕颤一抖的痕迹。这还有什么玄妙呢？”

我答道：“一经说破，如见天日。我对你的冒犯，请你原谅。我应当对你的神妙能力有更大的信心才对，请问你目前手里还有没有侦查的案件？”

“没有，所以才注射可卡因啊。不用动脑筋，我就活不下去。除却这个还有什么生趣呢？请站到窗前来。难道有过这样凄凉惨淡而又无聊的世界吗？看哪，那黄雾沿街滚滚而下，擦着那些暗褐色的房屋飘浮而过，还有再比这个更平凡无聊的吗？医师，试想英雄无用武之地，有劲头又有什么用呢？犯罪是寻常的事，人生在世也是寻常的事，在这个世界上除了寻常的事还有什么呢？”

我正要开口回答他那激烈的言论，忽然敲门声音很急。我们的房东走了进来，托着一个铜盘，上面放着一张名片。

她对我的伙伴说道：“一位年轻的妇女求见。”

他读着名片：“梅丽·摩斯坦小一姐。嗯！这个名字生疏得很。赫德森太太，请她进来。医师，你别走，我愿你留在这里。”