Chapter 14

It is interesting to note that the lion that is the most amenable to the circus trainer's tricks is the one with the lowest social standing in the pride, the omega animal. It has the most to gain from a close relationship with the super-alpha trainer. It is not only a matter of extra treats. A close relationship will also mean protection from the other members of the pride. It is this compliant animal, to the public no different from the others in size and apparent ferocity, that will be the star of the show, while the trainer leaves the beta and gamma lions, more cantankerous subordinates, sitting on their colourful barrels on the edge of the ring.

The same is true of other circus animals and is also seen in zoos. Socially inferior animals are the ones that make the most strenuous, resourceful efforts to get to know their keepers. They prove to be the ones most faithful to them, most in need of their company, least likely to challenge them or be difficult. The phenomenon has been observed with big cats, bison, deer, wild sheep, monkeys and many other animals. It is a fact commonly known in the trade.

   第十四章

    有趣的是，我们注意到最顺从马戏团驯兽师各种把戏的是狮群中地位最低的那头狮子，那个老小。它从与超级老大驯兽师的亲密关系中获利最多。这不仅仅是额外奖 赏的问题。亲密的关系也意味着狮群中其他成员的保护。正是这只顺从的动物，在观众眼里与其他狮子的个头和凶猛程度没有什么不同的狮子，将会成为表演明星， 而驯兽师却让狮群中的老二和老三，那些更难驾驭的下属，坐在表演场边上的彩色筒上。

    马戏团里其他动物的情况也是如此，而且这一情况在动物园里也能见到。在群体中地位低下的动物正是特别努力地、机敏地去了解饲养员的动物。事实证明，它们最 忠实于饲养员，最需要他们的陪伴，最不可能反抗他们或者诖他们为难。我们在大型猫科动物、野牛、鹿、野羊、猴子和很多其他动物身上都曾观察到这一现象。这 是我们这一行众所周知的事实。