Prepare to throw at least some of your selfie standards out of the frame. A recent study from University of Waterloo in Canada is calling into question conventional wisdoms about what makes for a perfect shot.
准备好了哦，你可能要抛弃一些以往的自拍标准了。加拿大滑铁卢大学最近的一项研究正在质疑传统智慧：怎样才能拍出完美的自拍照？

This isn't the first study to examine the type of photo quintessential of the Instagram era, but it does take a new approach. Prior research used selfies posted to Instagram as their test subjects, running algorithms to find commonalities, but the problem with this approach is that those photos are all different. For example, if you look at one of Kim Kardashian's selfies compared to one of Beyoncé's - the clothes, hair, and makeup are distinct, and could each have an effect on whether a fan likes one image more than another.
在Instagram时代，照片十分重要，虽然该项研究并非首个有关照片类型的研究，但该研究的确采取了新方法。先前的研究将发布在Instagram上的自拍照用作测试对象，用算法找到共同点，但这一方法存在这样的问题：所有的照片都是不一样的。比如，如果你将金·卡戴珊的自拍照和碧昂斯的相比--衣服、头发和妆容都截然不同，而这些因素都会影响粉丝对照片的喜爱度。

Researchers at the University of Waterloo stripped away these differences in order to focus on three fundamental elements of selfie composition: Where the face is in the frame, how lighting frames the face, and the size of the face in the shot (or, how far away the camera was from the face when taking the selfie). To limit external factors, such as clothing and hair, researchers used what they called synthetic selfies: fake selfies that were computer generated using 3D computer graphics.
滑铁卢大学的研究人员除去了这些差异，关注了组成自拍照的三个基本因素：脸应该处于相框中的哪个位置、灯光该如何、照片中脸的大小（或是拍自拍照时，照相机该离脸多远）。为限制外部因素，比如衣服和头发，研究员们使用了被称之为合成自拍的照片：使用三维计算机图形法合成的假的自拍照。

1) Selfies shouldn't be shot too close to the face.
1）自拍时，相机不该靠脸太近。

"In order to get good distance, you need to overextend your arm a bit and hold [the camera] a bit farther away than you might normally when taking a selfie," Daniel Vogel, one of the study's authors and an associate professor in the School of Computer Science at the University of Waterloo, told Refinery29.
"想要拍照好看，你就得再伸长自己的手臂，手拿相机的距离应该比平常的距离再远一些，"研究的作者之一，滑铁卢大学计算机科学系的副教授丹尼尔·沃格尔对Refinery29说道。

This doesn't mean you need a selfie stick - in fact, using one could mean the photo is taken too far away from your face. Vogel notes, though, that holding your arm an inch or two farther than usual may feel a bit unnatural.
这也不是说你非得用自拍杆--事实上，用自拍杆拍照时，相机就离脸太远了。沃格尔提醒道，比平常拍照的距离再多个一二英寸可能会使照片看起来不自然。

2) Selfies should have even lighting.
2）自拍时的灯光应当均匀。

Second, Vogel found that the face should be lit evenly, roughly from the front of the face, though not too high or low, since that could create shadows. This theory gives some validation to the effectiveness of the Kim K-promoted Lumee iPhone case, which is lit around the edges, as well as the case created by Beyoncé's stylist, Ty Hunter.
其次，沃格尔发现：脸上的灯光应该是均匀的，灯光应大致在脸的前方，但不能太高或太低，因为太高或太低都会产生阴影。这一理论证实了金·卡戴珊推出的Lumee iPhone的有效性，这款灯光在手机边缘照亮；同时，碧昂斯的造型师Ty Hunter发明的灯光也很好。