首先来揭秘我国军粮的庐山真面目。目前，我国野战食品经历了三代的进化，可以简单粗暴地分成基础版、升级版和豪华版。

第一代

China's first generation of field rations were composed mostly of hardtack with side dishes such as canned pork luncheon meat, mixed meat or diced pork.
中国第一代野战食品，主要由压缩干粮配以午餐肉罐头、荤炒什锦罐头、酱爆肉丁罐头等副食构成。

第二代

The second generation introduced instant rice and instant noodles, while also adopting flexible packaging to make them easier to carry.
第二代野战食品中引入了速食米饭、速食面条等，并采用了方便携带的软质包装材料。

第三代

The latest generation of field rations are self-heating. Just pour 100ml of water into the bag and the food is hot and ready to eat in 15 minutes.
最新一代野战食品为自热食品，只需将100ml左右的水倒入包装，15分钟后便可食用。

下面带大家仔细研究一下现在我军投入使用的自热食品餐谱。

餐谱1：什锦炒饭、酱油炒饭、鲜脆黄瓜、速溶饮料

餐谱2：香焖米饭、雪菜肉丁炒饭、辣椒酱、速溶饮料

餐谱3：咖喱鸡丁炒饭、雪菜肉丝面、辣味白菜、速溶饮料

餐谱4：青豆牛肉炒饭、胡萝卜鸡丁炒饭、鲜脆黄瓜、速溶饮料

那么，这些单兵食品与普通食品相比到底有什么特殊之处呢？

As we all know, Chinese and western eating habits are essentially different. In China, most people prefer starchy food, while in the West diets tend to contain more protein and fat. Within China, southerners love to eat rice but northerners prefer noodles, both of which can be found in the country's field rations.
众所周知，中国人与西方人的饮食习惯有本质区别。在中国大部分人更青睐淀粉食物，而西方饮食则富含蛋白质、脂肪等。就国内而言，南方人爱吃大米，北方人爱吃面食，国家野战口粮中这两样都有。

The most notable difference between military rations and civilian fast food is that the former places more emphasis on nutritional value. Military rations are designed to provide up to 4,000 kilojoules per serving, replenishing soldiers' energy in the field and keeping their levels of essential vitamins and minerals topped up.
军用口粮与民用快餐最显著不同在于，军用口粮特别强调食品的营养价值。军用口粮每餐能提供4000千焦的能量，补充野战条件下官兵消耗的体能需要，并保持必要维生素和矿物质的充分供应。

Military rations also need a longer shelf life, so that they are still edible once they reach their intended recipients. This can take anywhere from a few months to more than a year, making it imperative that they are long-lasting.
军用口粮也需要更长的保质期，这样当食品到达接收者手里时还能食用。因为这一过程可能短则几个月，长则一年，所以长保质期就成了必然要求。

目前我国已经研制出最新的17单兵自热食品啦！

这次的口粮升级，不光对炒饭炒面等传统餐谱进行了革新，还引入了主食、副食分开的加热方式，同时配合多种调味酱、小菜、巧克力、能量棒等，光是听着就已经忍不住流口水了。

看完了中国的，我们来看看其他国家的军用口粮是怎样的？

美国

大家都知道美国的绰号是“山姆大叔”，但是很多人还不知道山姆大叔的原型，其实是位军粮供应商。

美英战争时期，有一位叫山姆•威尔逊的肉类包装商向美国军队供应牛肉，为人热情诚实，被称为“山姆大叔”。

1812年，纽约州长参观山姆大叔的加工厂时，问盖在桶上的U.S.（United States的缩写）是什么意思。一个工人开玩笑说是“山姆大叔”（Uncle Samuel的缩写恰好也是U.S.）。从此，山姆大叔声名大噪，并被美国民众当做自己的代表。

The current standard-issue field ration of the United States military is known as the Meal, Ready-to-Eat (MRE). One pack is the equivalent of one meal. The MRE's packaging is designed to withstand rough conditions and exposure to the elements. Inside each MRE bag is an entree and a variety of other food and drink items.
目前美国军队的标准野战口粮是MRE单兵口粮，一包相当于一顿饭的量。MRE的包装设计可抵抗恶劣天气，经受得住日晒雨淋。每个MRE包里面包括了一道正菜和若干副食及饮品。

In addition to standard field rations, the US military also provides customized ration packs for people with special dietary requirements such as vegetarians, Muslims and Jews.
除了标准野战口粮，美国军队还为素食主义者、伊斯兰教徒和犹太教徒等有特别饮食需要的人提供定制化口粮。

随着美军的多民族化，成员的口味和饮食习惯也变得越来越复杂，越来越不愿意啃数十年如一日的MRE，他们称这是“反人类”的食品。

日本

作为一个“感觉自己萌萌哒”的国家，“萌”可以说是日本的一张文化名片，而日本自卫队的军用口粮也保持了“萌”风。

少女心炸裂的粉色迷彩、软萌可爱的漫画军官，给人一种吃完之后就能变身为美少女战士的既视感。画风清奇，日本也是军用口粮界当之无愧的“小公主”了。

The Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force has two kinds of field rations. The first, known as Type I Combat Rations, are canned and have a long shelf life. The cans contain rice, meat, hard biscuits, vegetables and the like.
日本自卫队推出了两种野战口粮。一种叫做Ⅰ型口粮，主要是保质期长的罐头食品，包括米饭、肉、压缩饼干、蔬菜等。

The other kind, known as Type II Combat Rations, are boil-in-the-bag. They come in flexible packaging and contain foodstuffs such as rice, fried potatoes with meat, braised vegetables and hamburgers.
另一种是Ⅱ型口粮，采用了蒸煮袋技术。此类口粮使用软包装，食物包括米饭、土豆炒肉、烩菜及汉堡等。

韩国

炸鸡啤酒、烤五花肉、海带汤、炒年糕……这些年韩剧带火了一大批韩国美食。

但是，看到了真正的韩军口粮后……

The preferred field ration in South Korea is similar to the Type II Combat Ration, though there are not as many menu options. Menu 1, for example, includes fried rice with kimchi, kimchi soup, three bags of seasoning and a bag of Maltesers. Menu 3, meanwhile, contains an extra bag of glass noodles.
韩国军队最受欢迎的野战口粮和日本自卫队的Ⅱ型口粮类似，不过菜单上没有那么多选择。比如，餐谱1包括1份泡菜炒饭、1份泡菜汤料包、3包调味料和1份麦丽素。3号餐谱比1号丰富，增加了一份粉丝。

俄罗斯

俄罗斯的军队口粮也是极具“战斗民族”特色，餐谱中肉、鱼、蛋、黄油、香肠和乳酪的比重较高。每人每天能吃到的肉量达到250克，一名士兵一年内能吃掉约92公斤的肉。

Russian military rations are distinctive in that they still contain cigarettes, which are not commonly found in other country's rations anymore. The cigarettes are free for soldiers, though officers need to pay for them.
俄军口粮还有一大特色就是为军人供应香烟，这在世界各国军队中还是不常见的。所供香烟，军官自费选购，士兵则免费。

Each soldier receives 12 cigarettes per day as standard, while officers can have 20 per day. Soldiers who do not smoke receive 300g of sugar instead.
香烟供应标准为：士兵每人每天12支香烟；军官每人每天20支。不吸烟的军人可领300克糖。

2013年，俄总统普京签署了“史上最严禁烟法”，俄国防部也取消了对义务兵的免费香烟供应，从而终结了俄军这一延续近百年的传统。