本文选自吴应时主编的《大学英语六级阅读真题精读——晨读伴侣》。本书对历年国家大学英语六级考试（CET-6）的仔细阅读部分进行了详尽而精准的分析、翻译和注释，对四六级考生有着事半功倍的效果，对提升整体英语能力也很有帮助。

学习导读：

高校是社会科技创新的主体，那么高新技术的资金来源是什么呢？通过产业化来卖科技产品亦或是靠政府财政补贴？这篇文章就这个问题进行了详细的探讨。不论是象牙塔中的学者还是市场海洋中的商人，都对市场经济感受颇深。或许我们不应当急于求成要求削减政府对高校的补贴，但也不能毫无怜惜地将纳税人的血汗钱源源不断地投入到臃肿的高校之中。究竟该如何解决效率和公平的问题呢，阅读本文之后不妨思考一下。趁着在象牙塔之中，可以肆无忌惮天马行空地指点江山、激扬文字、挥斥方遒，这才是青春。

A recurring1 criticism (of the UK’s university sector) is its perceived weakness [in translating new knowledge] [into new products and services].

由于人们认为英国高校在将新知识转化为新型产品和服务方面软弱无力，英国高校屡受批评。

注：1. recurring adj. 循环的；再发的。例：

The lyrics are darker, dealing with recurring themes of death and loneliness.

歌词更加黑暗，反复出现了关于死亡与孤寂的主题。

Yahoo’s delays in seizing such opportunities have been a recurring problem during the past decade.

在过去的十年中，雅虎把握这类机会上总是慢一拍的问题，已不是一次两次了。

[选自：NPR: Yahoo Hopes To Reach Readers With IPad Magazine]

Recurring revenue 【会计】经常性收入。例：

Recurring revenue is the best form of revenue.

经常性收入是收入的最好形式。

[Recently], the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place [among the world leaders] [in stem cell research] [unless adequate 1 funding and legislation 2 could be assured 3.] We should take this concern [seriously] [as universities are key [in the national innovation system].]

最近，英国国家干细胞网络发出警告称，如果再没有足够的资金和立法保障，英国将会失去其在干细胞研究领域的世界领先地位。我们应该严肃看待这个问题，因为高校是一个国家创新体系的关键。

注：1. adequate adj. 足够的，充分的，恰当的。例：

I had an adequate amount of food for ten people.

我准备的食物足够是个人进餐。

But the High Court ruled that Malaysia did not offer adequate protection for refugees.

不过高等法院判决马来西亚没有为难民提供充分的保护。

[选自：BBC: Australia migrants: Gillard to pursue Malaysia swaps]

be adequate for适合于...

【派】adequately(adv.足够地)；inadequate(adj.不充分的，不恰当的)

2. legislation n.法律，法规；立法。例：

introduce a new legislation 推行新法规

Congress updated the obsolete commerce legislation.

国会更新了陈旧的商业法规。

Legislation is the job of the legislative branch of government.

立法是政府立法机关的职责。

3. assure vt. 使确信，使放心；保证，担保。例：

The manager assured the customer that his complain would be solved immediately.

经理向这位顾客保证将立刻解决他的投诉。

“I can assure society, I can assure Mexico that we are prepared,” he said.

我确信全社会和墨西哥已准备就绪。

[选自：BBC: Analysis: Mexico's drug wars continue]

an assure income有保证的收入

[However], we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint 1 {that the sector does not do [enough] [in taking ideas to market].} (The most recent comparative 2) data (on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK) shows that, [from a relatively weak starting position], the UK [now] leads on many indicators 3 (of commercialisation 4 activity).  

然而，对于“高校没能尽力将创意投入市场”这种轻率的抱怨，我们不得不提出质疑。关于澳大利亚、加拿大、美国、英国各高校和研究机构的业绩表现的最新对比数据显示，虽然英国在起步阶段表现较弱，但如今它在许多商业化活动方面都处于世界领先地位。

注：1. complaint n. 抱怨，诉苦；申诉；疾病。例：

The consumer state the complaint firmly to the shop manager.

那位顾客义正辞严地向商店经理提出了申诉。

Could that mean that her earlier complaint was as trivial as her later one?

那这可以理解成她之前的控诉跟之后的控诉一样都微不足道么？

[第一个that为代词，指代某个事情，第二个that作宾语从句的引导词。]

[选自：WSJ: The Krugman Standard]

2. comparative adj.比较的，相当的。例：

comparative prices可比价格

I want to take achievement anatomy this year.

今年我想选修比较解剖学这门课。

comparative validity相对效度

【派】comparatively(adv.比较地，相当地)

【参】compatible(adj.协调的)

3. indicator n.指示者，指示剂，指标；转向灯。例：

The number of wells is a fair indicator of the demand for water.

水井的数量能较准确地反映需求量的大小。

4. commercialisation n.商业化。例：

He said that the commercialisation of genetically modified crops requires this law.

他说转基因作物的商业化需要这部法律。

Twitter might cope better with the creeping commercialisation than other social media sites, he said.

推特可能可以比其它社交媒体网站那缓慢的商业化方面做得更好。

[选自：BBC: Twitter followers 'can be bought']

【参】commercial(adj./n.商业的，贸易的；广告)

[When viewed at the national level], the policy interventions 1 (of the past decade) have helped transform the performance (of UK universities). Evidence suggests the UK’s position is [much] stronger [than in the recent past] and is [still] showing improvement. But national data masks 2 the very large variation [in the performance] (of individual universities). The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off 3 the back (of the pack), a few perform [strongly] and the rest chase 4 the leaders.

从全国范围来看，过去十年的政策干预已经提高了英国高校的（科技）转化表现。有证据表明英国的地位较之不久前明显加强，并且仍在继续上升。但是全国性数据也掩饰了高校与高校之间（科技）转化表现的参差不齐。证据显示许多高校在该领域确实已经处于落后地位——少数高校表现突出，其他高校则只能抓紧追赶。

注：1. intervention n.介入，干涉。例：

It often takes military intervention to halt genocide.

通常需要军事干涉来停止种族灭绝。

President Obama's intervention in Libya, achieving a similar result, cost just over a billion.

奥巴马总统就利比亚局势的介入取得了相似的结果，花费了十亿多一点。

[选自：BBC: PJ Crowley: 10 questions for the Republican candidates]

2. mask n. 面具，面罩。

vi. 掩饰；戴面具；化装

vt. 掩饰；戴面具；使模糊。文中为及物动词。例：

Dina lit a cigarette, trying to mask her agitation.

黛娜点燃了一支烟，试图掩饰她的不安。

One of the books doesn’t attempt to mask disdain for Darwin and evolutionary science.

其中有一本书毫不掩饰其对达尔文及其进化论的鄙夷。

[选自：MSN: Top home-school texts dismiss Darwin - US news – Education]

3. fall off 跌落，减少，下降。例：

We knew that the numbers of overseas students would fall off drastically.

我们知道出国留学的人数将会急剧减少。

4. chase v.(after)追逐，追求。例：

Martin intends to chase after the girl he met in the library.

马丁想追求他曾在图书馆遇到的那个女孩。

Bruce caught the chief after a short chase and beat him.

刚追了几步，布鲁斯就抓住了小偷还揍了他一顿。

When the desire to chase returns goes unchecked, investors often engage in aggressive trading.

当追求回报率的渴望不受抑制，投资者们往往陷入激进的交易之中。

[选自：FORBES: The Cost of Emotional Investing]

【参】purchase(vt./n. 买，购买)

This type (of uneven distribution) is [not] peculiar 1 [to the UK] and is mirrored [across other economies]. [In the UK], research is concentrated: less than 2 25% of universities receive 75% of the research funding. These same universities are [also] the institutions (producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations 3, patents 4 and licence 5 income). The effect (of policies) (generating long-term resource concentration) has [also] created a distinctive 6 set (of universities) (which are research-led 7and commercially active.) It seems clear that the concentration (of research and commercialisation work) creates differences (between universities).

这种分布不均的现象不是只有英国独有，其他经济体也反映出这种现象。在英国，科学研究十分集中：全国不到25%的高校却得到75%的科研资金。这些高校培养出的博士、产生的科学著作、专利以及授权收入也最多。使得资源长期集中的政策也同时催生了一部分以科研为主导、积极商业化做得不错的高校。科学研究和商业化活动的集中造成高校之间的能力差异，这一点似乎显而易见。

注：1. peculiar adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的。例：

A peculiar noise from the forest scared us.

森林中传来的怪声把我们吓坏了。

His friend Thomas Jefferson Hogg caught him one day making a peculiar dish called panada.

他的朋友Thomas Jefferson Hogg 有一天抓住他并做了一道名叫panada(面糊)的奇怪的菜。

[选自：ECONOMIST: Sugar]

peculiar to...特有的，独具的

Language is peculiar to mankind.

语言是人类所特有的。

【派】peculiarity(n.怪癖；特性)

【参】particular(adj.特殊的)

2. less than 少于，不足。例：

Major airlines boarding domestic flights of less than 70 percent rate.

各大航空公司的国内航班上客率不足70%。

【参】no less than 不亚于，竟达...之多

3. citation n.表彰，嘉奖令；引述，引文。文中指引用。例：

One thing that's very important to note: we must provide a citation for every question we write.

需要注意的重要一点是：我们必须为我们编写的每个问题提供一段引文。

4. patent adj.专利的，特许的。例：

These patent drugs must not be sold in other stores.

这些特许药不得在其他商店销售。

n. 专利，专利品，专利权。文中为名词。例：

It is much cheaper to buy an old patent than a new one.

买旧的专利要比新的专利便宜许多。

patent holder专利持有者；patent office专利局  

vt. 批准专利，获得专利。例：

The company has patented many new inventions.

这家公司已经获得许多新发明的专利权。

【参】potent(adj.有力的)

5. license/licence n.许可证，执照。例：

drive license驾驶执照

My drive license has been revoked again for speeding.

我因为超速驾驶再次被吊销执照。

vt. 准许，认可。例：

The Turner’s is the only shop that is licensed to sell tobacco in this town.

特纳商店是这个小镇上唯一被许可经营烟草的商店。

6. distinctive adj. 有特色的，与众不同的。例：

The new order had several distinctive features.

新的秩序有几个鲜明的特点。

Each of the places we note has a distinctive way of balancing tradition and innovation.

我们所标注的每个地方对于保持传统与创新的平衡有着独到的途径。

[选自：WSJ: The Best Krémes in Budapest, Hungary]

【参】distinct(adj.清楚的，截然不同的)；distinction(n.差别，区分)

7. research-led 以科研为主导的。这是一种构词方法，以什么为导向只需要将该导向后面加一个led或oriented即可。如以患者为导向，patient-led。例：

In this trend, digital clock, multifunction clock has become the modern design of the production of research-led direction.

在这种趋势下，时钟的数字化、 多功能化已经成为现代时钟生产研究的主导设计方向。

The core objective for universities (which are research-led) must be to maximise 1 the impact (of their research efforts). These universities should be generating the widest range (of social, economic and environmental benefits). [In return for 2 the scale of investment], they should share their expertise 3 [in order to build greater confidence] [in the sector].

以研究为主导的高校，其核心目标必须是使其研究成果的影响最大化。这些高校应该最大限度地创造社会、经济和环境效益。为了回报国家给予的巨额投入，他们应该同其他高校分享专业技术知识，增强全国高校的整体信心。

注：1. maximise vt. 使（某事）增至最大限度；最大限度地利用（某物）。例：

How can I maximise my chance of success?

如何可以使我的成功机会最大化？

But in the long term, we want people to grow on eBay and maximise their profits.

但长远来看，我们想提高易趣网的人数，以及让他们的利润最大化。

[选自：BBC: NEWS | Business | eBay's 10-year rise to world fame]

2. in return for 作为...的回报。例：

The idea is to secure more flexibility for employers,in return for greater efforts to improve training and salaries for employees.[/en

]办法是给雇主更多灵活性，作为回报，他们更加努力改善雇员们的培训和薪水。

3. expertise n. 专门知识（或技能等），专长。例：

managerial expertise管理方法，管理专门知识

[en]You must have expertise to achieve our goal.

你必须具备专业技能才能达到我们的目标。

Big corporations usually bring much needed business expertise and entrepreneurial skills to developing countries.

大企业往往带来很多所需的经管专业知识和技能以发展国家。

[选自：BBC: You are in: Talking Point]

Part of the economic recovery 1 (of the UK) will be driven [by the next generation] (of research commercialization) [spilling out of 2 our universities]. There are three dozen universities [in the UK] (which are [actively] engaged in advanced research training and commercialisation work.)

英国的经济复兴，一部分要依靠来自高校的下一代人的科研商业化活动。目前英国有36所高校积极参与高级科研培训和科研商业化工作。

注：1. recovery n. 痊愈，复原；重获，恢复。例：

Economic recovery经济复苏

That’s unusual for an economic recovery, when state, local and federal governments typically hire workers.

洲政府、地方政府和联邦政府主要雇佣工人，这对于经济复苏来说是很不常见的。

[选自：NPR: Modest Improvement For Job Market In October]

make a recovery from... 从...中痊愈

The film told a story about the recovery of a fallen city.

这部影片讲述了收复一个沦陷城市的故事。

recovery of good vision.良好的视力的恢复

【派】recoverable(adj.可痊愈的；可收回的)

2. spill out of 流露出，洒出。例：

All things he’d want his parents to know were starting to spill out of him.

所有他想让他父母知道的事情开始从他的口中流露出来。

People spill out of their homes and shops to stare at this progression of children marching between two soldiers.

人们从家中、从商店中出来，盯着向前行军的孩子们看，孩子们两边都有士兵。

[选自：CNN: Goodbye, Saigon]

[If there was a greater coordination 1 (of technology) transfer 2 offices [within regions] and (a simultaneous 3) investment [in the scale] and functions (of our graduate schools),] universities could, and should, play a key role (in positioning the UK) [for the next growth cycle].

如果可以更好地协调各区域内的技术转化部门，同步投资高校的扩建和功能，高校将能够并且应该在促使英国进入下一生产周期的过程中起关键作用。

注：1. coordination n.协调，和谐。例：

Their main problems are the coordination with other arms in the battlefield.

他们的主要问题是如何在战场上与其他兵种协调。

Meanwhile, out on the field, the German team showed off an impressive coordination and nonstop effort.

与此同时，在场外，德国队员们展示了令人印象深刻的协调合作以及不曾停息的努力。

[选自：WSJ: Women's World Cup: No Place Like Home for Germany]

2. transfer vt.转移；转让，过户。例：

transfer property to sb.把财产转让给某人

People start transferring a large part of their activities to the web nowadays.

现在，人们开始把自己大部分活动转移到网上进行。

I transferred the ownership of my house to my son.

我把房子的所有权转到我儿子名下。

vi. 转业，转学；调动，转职。例：

Mary transferred to study at Harvard University,majoring in sociology.

玛丽转学到哈佛大学，主修社会学。

n. 转变。例：

China was undergoing the transfer from agricultural power to industrial power.

中国正从农业大国向工业大国转变。

【派】transferable(adj.可转移的，可转换的)

3. simultaneous adj. 同时发生的，同时存在的，同步的。例：

Simultaneous interpretation will be provided in the six official languages of the United Nations.

联合国将以六门官方语言提供同声传译。

[选自：UNCTAD: Notification]