英语复习:定语从句讲解
分类: 英语语法
一、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 定语 定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。 单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如:1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。(2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)