牛津实用英语语法 79指人的非限定性关系从句
A主语
只能用who。注意逗号:
My neighbour,who is very pessimistic,says there will be no apples this year.
我的邻居极为悲观,他说今年苹果将不会有收成。
Peter,who had been driving all day,suggested stopping at the next town.
彼得开了整整一天车,他建议在下一个城镇停留。
这一类紧接在句子的主语之后的从句主要见于书面英语。在
口语里常常这么说:
My neighbour is very pessimistic and says…
我的邻居很悲观,并说……
Peter had been driving all day,so/and he suggested…
彼得开了整整一天车,因此他建议……
但位于句中较后部分的从句,即在主要动词的宾语之后的从句,在口语中是相当普遍的:
I’ve invited Ann,who lives in the next flat.
我已经邀请了安,她就住在隔壁的套房里。
从句跟在介词+名词之后也较为普遍:
I passed the letter to Peter,who was sitting beside me.
我把信递给了彼得,他就坐在我旁边。
B动词的宾语
用whom,who。
这类宾格代词在句中不能省略。尽管有时在日常口语中用
who作宾格关系代词,但正确的形式应是whom:
Peter,whom everyone suspected,turned out to be innocent.
彼得,大家都怀疑他,结果证明是无罪的。
如上所示,在这个位置的非限定性关系从句在口语中是不常用的。通常很可能这么说:
Everyone suspected Peter,but he turned out to be innocent.
大家都怀疑彼得,但结果证明他是无罪的。
但在口语中常见到非限定性关系从句出现在句中较后的位置,即在主要动词的宾语之后或介词+名词之后:
She wanted Tom,whom she liked,as a partner;but she got Jack,whom she didn’t like.
她想要她所喜欢的汤姆作为伴侣,可是却得到了她所不喜欢的杰克。
She introduced me to her husband,whom I hadn’t met before.
她把我介绍给她丈夫,我以前没见过他。
C 介词的宾语
用whom。
这个代词在句中不能省略,介词常常位于它之前:
Mr Jones,for whom I was working,was very generous about overtime payments.
琼斯先生,我当时给干活的那位,常是很慷慨地付给加班加点的报酬。
然而把介词移到从句之后也是可以的。这在口语中是非常普
遍的,此时who往往取代whom:
Mr Jones,who/whom I was working for,…
如果从句中含有一个表示时间或地点的短语,该短语要留在
从句之末:
Peter,with whom I played tennis on Sundays,was fitter than me.
彼得,星期天我常跟打网球的那位,身体比我健康。
这个句子可改为:
Peter,who/whom I played tennis with on Sundays,was fitter than me.
D 所有格
用 whose。
Ann,whose children are at school all day,is trying to get a job.
安的孩子们整天都在学校,所以她在想办法找份工作。
This is George,whose class you will be taking
这一位是乔治,你就要接他的课。
在口语中,很可能这么说:
Ann’s children are at school all day,so she…
This is George.You will be taking his class.