牛津实用英语语法 300 wish+ 主语+ 虚拟过去时
A wish(that)+ 主语+ 过去时(虚拟语气;参见第290节B)这一结构用于对目前的情况表示遗憾:
I wish I knew his address.
但愿我知道他的地址就好了。相当于:
I’m sorry I don’t know his address.
很遗憾,我不知道他的地址。
I wish you could drive a car.
我真希望你会开车。相当于:
I’m sorry you can’t drive a car.
真可惜你不会开车。
I wish hs was coming with us.
我多希望他能跟我们一起来。相当于:
I’m sorry he isn’t coming with us.
真遗憾他不能跟我们一起来。
wish可用在过去时中而不改变虚拟的意思:
He wished he knew the address.
他多希望他知道那个地址。相当于:
He was sorry he didn’t know the address.
他感到遗憾他不知道那个地址。
在间接引语中,虚拟过去时形式不用变化:
‘I wish I lived nearer my work,’he said.
“但愿我住得离工作地再近点,”他说。相当于:
He said he wished he lived nearer his work.
他说但愿他能住得离工作地再近点。
B wish(that)+ 主语+ 过去完成时(虚拟语气)表示对过去的情况表示遗憾:
I wish(that) I hadn’t spent so much money.
但愿我没花掉这么多钱就好了。相当于:
I’m sorry I spent so much money.
真后悔我花去了这么多钱。
I wish you had written to him.
但愿你给他写过信就好了。相当于:
I’m sorry you didn’t write to him.
真遗憾你没有给他写信。
wished可代替wish而不改变虚拟的意思:
I wished I hadn’t spent so much money.相当于:
I was sorry I had spent so much money.
(译文同上。)
变为间接引语时,这些动词不用变化:
‘I wished I had taken his advice,’she said.
“但愿我当时听了他的劝告就好了,”她说。相当于:
She(said she) wished she had taken his advice.
她(说她)但愿当时听了他的劝告就好了。
C if only的用法与此完全相同。它的意思与 wish相同,只是比wish更生动:
If only we knew where to look for him!
如果我们知道上哪里去找他就好了!
If only she had asked someone’s advice!
假如她早请教别人一下就好了!