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牛津实用英语语法 300 wish+ 主语+ 虚拟过去时

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A wish(that)+ 主语+ 过去时(虚拟语气;参见第290节B)这一结构用于对目前的情况表示遗憾:

I wish I knew his address.

但愿我知道他的地址就好了。相当于:

I’m sorry I don’t know his address.

很遗憾,我不知道他的地址。

I wish you could drive a car.

我真希望你会开车。相当于:

I’m sorry you can’t drive a car.

真可惜你不会开车。

I wish hs was coming with us.

我多希望他能跟我们一起来。相当于:

I’m sorry he isn’t coming with us.

真遗憾他不能跟我们一起来。

wish可用在过去时中而不改变虚拟的意思:

He wished he knew the address.

他多希望他知道那个地址。相当于:

He was sorry he didn’t know the address.

他感到遗憾他不知道那个地址。

在间接引语中,虚拟过去时形式不用变化:

‘I wish I lived nearer my work,’he said.

“但愿我住得离工作地再近点,”他说。相当于:

He said he wished he lived nearer his work.

他说但愿他能住得离工作地再近点。

B wish(that)+ 主语+ 过去完成时(虚拟语气)表示对过去的情况表示遗憾:

I wish(that) I hadn’t spent so much money.

但愿我没花掉这么多钱就好了。相当于:

I’m sorry I spent so much money.

真后悔我花去了这么多钱。

I wish you had written to him.

但愿你给他写过信就好了。相当于:

I’m sorry you didn’t write to him.

真遗憾你没有给他写信。

wished可代替wish而不改变虚拟的意思:

I wished I hadn’t spent so much money.相当于:

I was sorry I had spent so much money.

(译文同上。)

变为间接引语时,这些动词不用变化:

‘I wished I had taken his advice,’she said.

“但愿我当时听了他的劝告就好了,”她说。相当于:

She(said she) wished she had taken his advice.

她(说她)但愿当时听了他的劝告就好了。

C if only的用法与此完全相同。它的意思与 wish相同,只是比wish更生动:

If only we knew where to look for him!

如果我们知道上哪里去找他就好了!

If only she had asked someone’s advice!

假如她早请教别人一下就好了!

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