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牛津实用英语语法 305 介词与被动态动词连用

分类: 英语学习方法 

A 正如已经提到过的,要提到被动态动词的施动者时,前面须用by引导:

主动态:       Dufy painted this picture.

                     达菲画的这幅画。

被动态:       This picture was painted by Dufy.

                     这幅画是达菲画的。

主动态:       What makes these holes?

                     是什么东西弄出这些破洞的?

被动态:       What are these holes made by?

                     这些破洞是什么东西弄的?

注意下列句子:

Smoke filled the room.

房间里烟雾弥漫。

Paint covered the lock.

油漆涂遍了锁上。

它们的被动形式应当是:

The room was filled with smoke.

The lock was covered with paint.

这里针对的只是所涉及的物质而不是施动者本人。

B 动词+介词+宾语这一结构变成被动态时,介词应直接跟在动词之后:

主动态:       We must write to him.

             我们必须给他写信。

被动态:       He must be written to.

                     必须给他写信。

主动态:       You can play with these cubs quite safely.

你和这些熊崽子玩不会有危险。

被动态:      These cubs can be played with quite safely.

                      和这些熊崽子玩不会有危险。

                     对动词+介词/副词结构,也应同样处理:

主动态:       They threw away the old newspapers.

                     他们把旧报纸扔了。

被动态:       The old newspapers were thrown away.

                     旧报纸给扔了。

主动态:       He looked after the children well.

                     他对孩子们照顾得很好。

被动态:       The children were well looked after.

                     孩子们被照顾得很好。

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