牛津实用英语语法 305 介词与被动态动词连用
A 正如已经提到过的,要提到被动态动词的施动者时,前面须用by引导:
主动态: Dufy painted this picture.
达菲画的这幅画。
被动态: This picture was painted by Dufy.
这幅画是达菲画的。
主动态: What makes these holes?
是什么东西弄出这些破洞的?
被动态: What are these holes made by?
这些破洞是什么东西弄的?
注意下列句子:
Smoke filled the room.
房间里烟雾弥漫。
Paint covered the lock.
油漆涂遍了锁上。
它们的被动形式应当是:
The room was filled with smoke.
The lock was covered with paint.
这里针对的只是所涉及的物质而不是施动者本人。
B 动词+介词+宾语这一结构变成被动态时,介词应直接跟在动词之后:
主动态: We must write to him.
我们必须给他写信。
被动态: He must be written to.
必须给他写信。
主动态: You can play with these cubs quite safely.
你和这些熊崽子玩不会有危险。
被动态: These cubs can be played with quite safely.
和这些熊崽子玩不会有危险。
对动词+介词/副词结构,也应同样处理:
主动态: They threw away the old newspapers.
他们把旧报纸扔了。
被动态: The old newspapers were thrown away.
旧报纸给扔了。
主动态: He looked after the children well.
他对孩子们照顾得很好。
被动态: The children were well looked after.
孩子们被照顾得很好。