魔法英语语法手册(初中版) 第二章 代词一、代词的定义、分类
分类: 英语学习方法
一、代词的定义、分类
代词是用来指代名词、形容词、数词的词。代词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。?
二、代词的分类 ?
在英语中，代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、相互代词、连接代词、关系代词和不定代词九大类。?
代词在英语中使用极为广泛，它的使用可以使句子显得简洁明快，但若使用不当也容易造成理解上的偏差。?
三、人称代词?
表示“你、我、他（她、它）”，“你们、我们、他们（她们、它们）”的词称为人称代词。它有人称、数和格的变化。 1.?人称代词的一般用法?
1）.人称代词作主语（使用主格）?
I like English and maths very much.?我非常喜欢英语和数学。?
She reads English words every morning.?她每天早晨读英语单词。?
You are my good frien D. 你是我的好朋友。?
They don ' t talk in class. 他们上课不讲话。?
You, she and I are all good at playing football.?你、我和她都擅长踢足球。?
2）.人称代词作宾语（使用宾格）?
Miss Mily teaches us dancing.?米莉小姐教我们舞蹈。?
Her grandma likes her very much.?她的祖母很喜欢她。?
I bought a fresh flower for her.?我给她买了一束鲜花。?
Mr Ma wants me to work out the problem.?马老师想让我解答这道题。?
Don' t disturb them. They're reading in the library.?
别打扰他们。他们正在图书馆里读书。?
#3) 人称代词作表语（常用宾格形式）?
—Who is there? 谁在那儿？?
—It's me. 是我。?
—Who is crying in the room? 谁正在房间里哭？?
—It's her. 是她。?
注意. 介词后面只能跟人称代词的宾格作宾语，不能接主格。 例如：?
{ There is a desk between you and I.（误）?
There is a desk between you and me.（正） ?
{ Here's a Christmas card for she.（误）?
Here's a Christmas card for her.（正）
2.?特殊用法的人称代词?
1)it的特殊用法?
①it表示人以外的单数东西或动物，意为“它”。例如：?
—Where's my bag? 我的书包呢？?
—It's over there. 它在那儿。?
—Could you find a bird in the picture??
你能找到图中的一只小鸟吗？?
—Yes, it's in the tree. 能，它在树上。?
②指代天气?
How cold it was yesterday! 昨天真冷啊！?
—What's the weather like today? 今天天气如何？?
—It's rainy. 有雨。?
③指代时间?
—What's the time? 几点了？?
—It's seven o'clock. 七点了。?
④指代距离?
—How far is it from here? 离这儿多远？?
—It's five minutes'walk. 步行五分钟的路程。?
⑤作形式主语?
It's good to take enough exercise. 多锻炼有好处。?
It's better to do everything carefully.?做事认真比较好。?
⑥作形式宾语?
He found it very interesting to be on Internet.?他发现上网很有趣。?
I found it very hard to get on with her.?我发觉与她相处很难。?
She finds it necessary to get up early in the morning. 她发现早上早起床很有必要。
2）.she的特殊用法?
she除了指女性外，还可以用来指国家、月亮、大地、船只等自然界的东西。例如：?
The moon is shining brightly tonight. She looks like a round plate.
今晚的月光很明亮，她好像一个大圆盘一样。?
China is my motherlan D. I'll love her forever.?中国是我的祖国。我将永远爱她。?
3）.we, you, they的特殊用法?
we, you, they有时并非指特定的人，翻译时不必译出来。例如：?
We had a heavy snow yesterday.?昨天下了一场大雪。?
You don't grow any crops here.?这儿，人们不种庄稼。?
They speak Chinese in China.在中国，人们说汉语。?
3.?人称代词的排列顺序?
英语中，当说话者(I或we)提到自己和别人时，习惯上常把自己摆在最后一个位置，以表示谦虚和礼貌。例如： ?
You, she and I passed the exam.?我、你和她都通过了考试。?
在承认错误或自我批评时，说话者有时也把自己居于其他人称之前。例如：?
I and he are to blame. 我和他都要受批评。?
You and I是固定结构，即使在承认错误时，词序也不变化。例如： ?
You and I are to blame. 我和你都要受批评。
代词是用来指代名词、形容词、数词的词。代词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。?
二、代词的分类 ?
在英语中，代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、相互代词、连接代词、关系代词和不定代词九大类。?
代词在英语中使用极为广泛，它的使用可以使句子显得简洁明快，但若使用不当也容易造成理解上的偏差。?
三、人称代词?
表示“你、我、他（她、它）”，“你们、我们、他们（她们、它们）”的词称为人称代词。它有人称、数和格的变化。 1.?人称代词的一般用法?
1）.人称代词作主语（使用主格）?
I like English and maths very much.?我非常喜欢英语和数学。?
She reads English words every morning.?她每天早晨读英语单词。?
You are my good frien D. 你是我的好朋友。?
They don ' t talk in class. 他们上课不讲话。?
You, she and I are all good at playing football.?你、我和她都擅长踢足球。?
2）.人称代词作宾语（使用宾格）?
Miss Mily teaches us dancing.?米莉小姐教我们舞蹈。?
Her grandma likes her very much.?她的祖母很喜欢她。?
I bought a fresh flower for her.?我给她买了一束鲜花。?
Mr Ma wants me to work out the problem.?马老师想让我解答这道题。?
Don' t disturb them. They're reading in the library.?
别打扰他们。他们正在图书馆里读书。?
#3) 人称代词作表语（常用宾格形式）?
—Who is there? 谁在那儿？?
—It's me. 是我。?
—Who is crying in the room? 谁正在房间里哭？?
—It's her. 是她。?
注意. 介词后面只能跟人称代词的宾格作宾语，不能接主格。 例如：?
{ There is a desk between you and I.（误）?
There is a desk between you and me.（正） ?
{ Here's a Christmas card for she.（误）?
Here's a Christmas card for her.（正）
2.?特殊用法的人称代词?
1)it的特殊用法?
①it表示人以外的单数东西或动物，意为“它”。例如：?
—Where's my bag? 我的书包呢？?
—It's over there. 它在那儿。?
—Could you find a bird in the picture??
你能找到图中的一只小鸟吗？?
—Yes, it's in the tree. 能，它在树上。?
②指代天气?
How cold it was yesterday! 昨天真冷啊！?
—What's the weather like today? 今天天气如何？?
—It's rainy. 有雨。?
③指代时间?
—What's the time? 几点了？?
—It's seven o'clock. 七点了。?
④指代距离?
—How far is it from here? 离这儿多远？?
—It's five minutes'walk. 步行五分钟的路程。?
⑤作形式主语?
It's good to take enough exercise. 多锻炼有好处。?
It's better to do everything carefully.?做事认真比较好。?
⑥作形式宾语?
He found it very interesting to be on Internet.?他发现上网很有趣。?
I found it very hard to get on with her.?我发觉与她相处很难。?
She finds it necessary to get up early in the morning. 她发现早上早起床很有必要。
2）.she的特殊用法?
she除了指女性外，还可以用来指国家、月亮、大地、船只等自然界的东西。例如：?
The moon is shining brightly tonight. She looks like a round plate.
今晚的月光很明亮，她好像一个大圆盘一样。?
China is my motherlan D. I'll love her forever.?中国是我的祖国。我将永远爱她。?
3）.we, you, they的特殊用法?
we, you, they有时并非指特定的人，翻译时不必译出来。例如：?
We had a heavy snow yesterday.?昨天下了一场大雪。?
You don't grow any crops here.?这儿，人们不种庄稼。?
They speak Chinese in China.在中国，人们说汉语。?
3.?人称代词的排列顺序?
英语中，当说话者(I或we)提到自己和别人时，习惯上常把自己摆在最后一个位置，以表示谦虚和礼貌。例如： ?
You, she and I passed the exam.?我、你和她都通过了考试。?
在承认错误或自我批评时，说话者有时也把自己居于其他人称之前。例如：?
I and he are to blame. 我和他都要受批评。?
You and I是固定结构，即使在承认错误时，词序也不变化。例如： ?
You and I are to blame. 我和你都要受批评。