三、 一般将来时

一般将来时由助动词shall或will加动词原型构成，shall用于第一人称，will用于第二、三人称。这个时态的肯定、否定及疑问机构可表示如下：

I shall go.

I shall not go.

shall I go?

除英国以外的说英语的国家，在陈述句中，即使在第一人称一般也用will,在英国也有这种趋势，在口语中常紧缩为I’ll.

一般将来时表示将要发生的动作和情况：

I will (shall) arrive tomorrow.

will you be busy tonight?

the agreement will come into force next spring.

we won’t (shan’t) be free tonight.

有时表示将来的时间状语，有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况：

I will think it over.

who will take the chair?

will she come?

they won’t object it.

在以i 或 we 作主语的问句中，一般用shall，这时或是征求对方的意见（a）,或是询问一个情况（b）:

a. shall I make a fair copy of it?

which book shall i read first?

where shall we meet?

b. shall we have any classes tomorrow?

when shall we have the rehearsal?

shall I be able to find them there?

在这类问句中，近年来也有不少人用will，特别是美国。

what will we do?

how will get there?

which will I take?

注意在时间或条件状语从句中，一般不能用将来时态，而用现在时态代替：

I’ll let you have the book when i’m through.

they’ll fight till they win complete victory.

I’ll be round to see you if i have time tomorrow.

注：在两种情况下条件从句可以用一般将来时：

1. 表示愿望：

if they won’t cooperate, our plan will fall flat.

2.主句的谓语表时现在的情况：

if he won’t arrive this morning, why should we wait here。

表示将要发生的动作或情况，除了一般将来时外，还有一些其他结构和时态：

1. be going +不定式（表打算、准备作的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事）：

we ‘re going to put up a building here.

how are you going to spend your holiday?

who is going to speak first?

2. be +不定式（表示按计划安排要发生的事或用来征求对方的意见）：

when is the factory to go into production?

the line is (going) to be opened to traffic next week.

Am I to (=shall I ) go on with the work?

3.一般现在时（限于某些动词，表示按计划或时刻要发生的事）：

school finishes on january 18th.

we get off at the next stop.

when does the winter vacation begin?

4.现在进行时（限于某些动词，表示按计划安排要发生的事）：

we are having an english evening tonight.

they are playing some folk music next.

I am talking the children to the zoo (on sunday ).

在单纯表示将来情况，特别是谈一连串的事情或在带时间或条件状语从句的句子中，谓语多用将来时：

next term i will try to do better. I’ll speak more english and do more reading-aloud.

he’ll come to see you when he has time.

he’ll tell you if you ask him.

在表示打算或准备时，如不提时间、条件等，多用be going to这个结构，用一般将来时时很少的，特别是在口语中：

he is going to buy a dictionary.(很少说he will buy a dictionary.)

在谈即将发生的情况时，用be going to 这个结构也多一些。在表示按计划安排要做得事时，用be to 的时候也不少。另外还有将来进行时等时态也可表示将来的动作。

注：be about to 可表示即将作某事

we are about to leave.

he is about to retire.

一般将来时有时还可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作：

a drowning man will catch at a straw.

crops will die without water.

oil will float on water.

注：这一时态有时用来表示揣测（a）或容量（b）:

a. that man in the middle will be the visiting minister.

b. the hall will seat 500people.