中考英语语法考点07虚拟语气
上期节目回顾:[节目]中考英语语法考点06 动词时态
上期节目答案:B C A C B D B B C C
本期节目内容:
I. 要点
表示说的话不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。
1、 虚拟语气的构成
情景 条件从句的谓语动词 主句的谓语动词 与现在事实相反 动词过去式 (be要用were)should
+动词原形
would 与过去事实相反 had +过去分词should
+have+过去分词
would 与将来事实相反1、动词过去时
2、should +动词原形
3、were to +动词原形should
+动词原形
would
注:如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had, should, could有时可将if省去, 但要倒装。如:
Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.
2、 虚拟语气在各种从句的应用
(1) 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等,其谓语形式是"should(可省) +动词原形",常用于以下三种句型中。
句型一:It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…
句型二:It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…
句型三:It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…
如:It is strange that he (should) have done that.
It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.
It is requested that we (should) be so careless.
(2) 在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中,表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如:I suggest that we (should) go swimming.
(3) 在表语从句中,表示间接的命令,要求、请求、建议、决定等,主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如:His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
(4) 在同位语从句中,谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如:We received order that the work be done at once.
(5) 在It is time that…句型中,其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或"should +动词原形",should不可省。如:It's time (that) we went ( should go) to school.
II. 例题
例1 We had hoped that he ____ longer.
A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay
解析:该题正确答案为D。had hoped表示"本希望",同样用法的动词还有think, expect等,后面的句子需用虚拟语气
例2 "Mary wants to see you today".
"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."
A comes B came C should come D will come
解析:该题正确答案为B。would rather后面的从句需用虚拟语气,用动词过去时表示。
例3 Had she been older, she ____ it better.
A had done B might have done C might do D would do
解析:Had she been older = If she had been old. 故该题正确答案为B。
随堂练习:
1. If I had had enough time, I___ my work.
A.would finish B.must have finished C.would have finished D.had finished
2. Ten minutes earlier, they ___ the plane.
A.will catch B.would catch C.would have caught D.will have caught
3. Mr Green requires that the students ___ a composition every other week.
A.write B.writen C.would write D.will write
4. Had he studied hard, he___ the exam.
A.would pass B.could pass C.had passed D.would have passed
5. I wish I ___ what is happening there in his room.
A.know B.known C.knew D.should know
6. It is important that you ___ sports every day.
A.have B.would have C.must have D.will have
7. If there were no water in the world, everything ___.
A.will die B.would die C.would have died D.would have been dead
8. ___ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone.
A.Had I known B.If I know C.If I knew D.If had I known
9. He ordered that the work ___ right away.
A.should finish B.finished C.would be finished D.be finished
10. —Shall we go to the movie tonight?
—No, I'd rather ___ at home with our baby. You'd better not leave it to the babysitter at night.
A.you stayed B.you stay C.stayed D.stay