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初中语法解析-一般现在时

分类: 英语学习方法 

  一、表示一般性或经常发生的动作或状态 

1) In general [A] , newspapers emphasize current news, whereas [B] magazines dealt [C] more with [D] background materials. 

2) The adult mosquito usually lives for about [A] thirty days, although [B] the life span varied [C] widely with temperature, humidity, and other [D] factors of the environment. 

3) Industrial buyers [A] are responsible [B] for supplying [C] the goods and services that an organization required [D] for its operations.

二、表示习惯性动作和状态或普遍的现象或常识 

4) It is an accepted [A] custom in west countries that [B] men removed [C] their hats when a woman enters [D] the room. 

5) Certain layers of the atmosphere have special names .
[A]which indicated their character properties
[B]whose characteristic properties were indicating
[C]what characterize their indicated properties
[D]that indicate their characteristic properties

三、表示客观事实、客观规律和客观真理。在宾语从句中,即使主句的谓语动词用了过去时,只要从句表示的是客观真理,从句的谓语动词也要用一般现在时。

6) The teacher told them since [A] light travels faster than [B] sound, lightning appeared [C] to go before [D] thunder. 

7) As [A] a child, I was told that [B] the planet earth, which has [C] its own satellite, the moon, moved [D] round the sun.

四、祈使句必须用动词原形,其否定结构用“don’t+动词原形”,如:
Go and fetch some water. / Don’t do that.

五、在反义疑问句中,如果主句用肯定句,那么,反问句用否定形式;如果主句用否定形式,那么,反问句就用肯定形式。而且前后在时态上要一致。但祈使疑问句用won’t you?进行反问。如:See a film tonight, won’t you? 

注:① 祈使句后边可用附加疑问句,以加强语气。如果祈使句用肯定形式,附加疑问句用否定形式;如果祈使句用否定形式,附加句用肯定形式;如: Come here next Sunday, won’t you? / Don’t tell it to anyone, will you? ② 但如果祈使句的前一句有了表示强烈[ZZ(]肯定[ZZ)]的语言环境,即使祈使句用了肯定形式,其附加成分也可以用“will you”(表示肯定,如果是在口语中用降调)。如:Give me the book, will you?

六、例题解析
1) C错。“in general”表示“一般”,所以主句用一般现在时,并列从句的谓语也是表示一般性,所以C处也应用一般现在时,故将其改为deal,而不是过去时dealt。
2) C错。本句的主从句中的“usually”表示“经常”,用一般现在时;而让步状语从句的谓语也是表示同一情况,所以也应当用一般现在时。故把C处的 varied改为varies。
3) D错。本句表述的是一般状况,前面的主句用的是现在时,后面的定语从句也应用现在时,应将required改为 requires。
4) C错。这里“it”是形式主语,代表主语从句“that…”,既然主句表示习惯(“an accepted custom”),那么谓语就应当用一般现在时,而不能用过去时。所以将C处的removed改为remove。
5) D为正确答案。本句表述的也是自然现象,主句和从句都应用一般现在时,故A和B都不对;C不合语法,以“what”引导的从句不能作定语,只有D正确,这里“that”引导定语从句,修饰前边的名词“names”。
6) C错。本句宾语从句所表述的是客观事实,即“…light travels faster than sound,”虽然主句谓语动词用的是过去式“told”,从句也要用一般现在时,所以把C处的appeared改为appears。
7) D错。虽然主句的主语用了过去时“was told”,其宾语从句表示的是“地球绕着太阳转”这一客观规律,所以将D处的moved改为moves。注意:不能将C处的has改为had,因为这也是表示客观事实,也得用一般现在时。

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