状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

一、时间状语从句

要点: 时间状语从句，由以下连词引导：

when while as after before as soon as since till /until by the time 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。

1.when当。。。的时候

Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.

(当)莫扎特的时候，开始写音乐作品。

2.while当。。。时

He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.

他在旅途中参观了许多地方。

3.as在。。。的同时；一边。。。一边。。。

He smiled as he stood up.

他一边站起来一边笑着。

4.after在。。。之后

He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.

前几天做完作业之后回的家。

5.before 在。。。之前

Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.

布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。

6.as soon as 一。。。就。。。

We began to work as soon as we got there.

我们一到那就开始工作。

I will write to you as soon as I get home.

我一到家就给你写信。

7.since 自。。。以来 到现在

表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。

Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.

自格林先生来中国以来，他就在这所学校教书。

(还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示。)

8 till /until

都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。

They walked till /until it was dark.

他们一直走到天黑。

Xiao Ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back.

小明直到他爸爸回来才离开家。

9. by the time 到。。。为止 (所在句子的主句应用完成时)

By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.

他到家的时候，他爸爸已经走了。

By the time I got to school, the class had already began.

我到校时，已经开始上课了。

难点——as when while的辨析

as when while都表示主、从句动作同时发生，三者差异如下：

表示“一边。。。一边＂的意思

as 强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时

用于发生时间较段时

when 1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作＂之前 ＂或＂之后＂发生。

2、when＝and then; at that moment (正在那个时候)

while 1、用于时间较长时

2、 强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时

有时这三个连词可以互换，有时不可以。

lIt was raining hard when (as) I got there.

我到那里时，正在下大雨。 ( 动作同时发生，when可换为as, 但不能换为while，因为get是点动词.)

lWhen I had read the article, he called me.

我看完这篇文章之后，她给我打了电话。( 从句动作发生在主句之前，注意时态表达，只能用when )

lWhen I got to the cinema, the film had begun.

(当)我到了电影院时，电影已经开演了。(从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意时态)

lHe was about to leave, when the telephone rang.

他正要离开，忽然电话响了。( 此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达 “正在” “即将”.

while, as不能代替 ) 考点

lShe thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.

他以为我在谈她女儿，然而，实际上在谈论我女儿。(表转折，对比，when, as都不能代替它) 考点

lWhile the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.

外星人买纪念品时，那女孩给警察打了电话。(表示主句，从句的动作同时发生，while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词，因为它表示较长时间)考点

lMother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away.

妈妈担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，特别是他父亲不在家的时候。(此时as ,when, while可通用)

知识扩展

1. It is since从。。。以来多长时间了(因为since +从句或名词，表示一段时间)

It is five years since we met last time.从我们上次见面已经五年了。

2. It is +before…(。。。才)

It was a long time before I went to sleep again.

过了很长时间我才睡着。

It was an hour before(＝until) the police arrived.

过了一个小时，警察才来。

二、条件状语从句

要点： 表示状语从句由连词if, unless (=if not) 引导。

1.If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.

如果明天不下雨, 我们就去远足.

2.You will get good grades if you study hard.

如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩.

3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too.

我不会去参加聚会的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.)

4.You will be late unless you leave immediately.

如果你不马上走,你将会迟到的.(=If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.)

难点提示：用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用,当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时.

lHe will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.

一般将来时， 一般现在时

lThey are going to have a picnic if it doesn’t rain next week.

一般将来时, 一般现在时 考点

　三、原因状语从句

要点: 由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导

1.I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.

我昨天没去上学，因为我生病了。

2. Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.

既然大家都来了, 让我们开始开会吧.

3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.

既然你身体不好, 你就不该熬夜.

4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.

我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她.

.难点——because , since , as , for,辨析

在语气上，because 最重, 表示的是直接理由,回答why 时只能用它. 其次是since, as ,一般不表示原因, 而是表明理由, 进一步说明.(译为：由于，既然). for 被认为是复合句的并列连词(常用于推断),表示理由.