说文解字(8)
为何「宇宙」的英文单词为 universe?人生的「逆境」为adversity?为甚么「颠覆」传统或政体用subvert?描述「多才多艺的」人或「多功能的」机械用versatile?
英语中带有vers或vert词根的字汇相当的多,这两个拉丁词根虽然外形稍异,但意义相同,都在表达「旋转、翻转、转向、变成」(turn)之意。因此,「宇宙」(universe)的原意就是万物「变成、合为」(vers = turn into)「一体」(uni = one);「逆境」就是无数 "困顿"(hardships)与 "灾难"(disasters)在「袭击」(ad + vers = against + turn = turn against)人们的一种状态,所以称为adversity;「颠覆」传统或体制必须要暗从「底下」(sub=under)加以「翻转」(vert=turn)才能奏效,故用subvert;而人的「多才多艺」与机器的「多功能」系指某人或机器能够随时「转换、改变」(vers = change)其 "技能"(skill)或 "功能"(function),故两者皆用同一描述词versatile.
接下来我们来认识vers 与vert 如何与其它「词素」结合,形成可以独立使用的符号-单词:1. universe〔婄婇崋婜瑆歅崝焋屙〕n. (uni + vers = one + turn = all things turned into one) 宇宙;万有2. adversity〔瑆娾婄崝焋屙瑆崞埩〕n. (ad + vers = against + turn = the condition of being turned against)逆境;苦难3. versatile〔婄崝焋屙瑆崞婖〕adj.(vers + ile = turn + able = able to turn from one skill to another)多才多艺的;多功能的;易变的4. convert〔婑瑆婜 婄崝焋崞〕v.(con + vert = together + turn = turn together to the same belief or turn from one belief to another;change into another form)皈依;改变信仰;转换
最后我们来看这些身怀vers/vert词根的语汇。如何在日常生活中「旋转」乾坤,「翻转」红尘:1.No one knows exactly how the universe(= cosmos)has evolved.没有人确切知道宇宙是如何演化而来的。
2.My mother met with many adversities throughout her life.我母亲毕生历经许多的苦难。
3.I bought a versatile kitchen machine last month.我上个月买了一部多功能的厨房用机器。
4.After three months of contemplation she converted to Buddhism.经三个月的沉思冥想之后,她改信了佛教