raze, ravage, ruin
“Raze、ravage” 和 “ruin” 都可以作动词使用,意思也都和 “摧毁” 有关,但并不完全相同。
首先,看动词 “raze,R A Z E”。“Raze” 通常表示 “彻底摧毁城镇、村庄、建筑物等结构”。我们常用 “raze” 的被动结构,加上 “to the ground”,来表示 “某物被夷为平地”,即 “be razed to the ground”。听两个例句。
Examples
The whole suburb was razed to build a new development.
(整个城郊地区都被夷为平地,以建造一个新的开发区。)
The old building was razed to the ground by the bulldozer.
(这座旧楼房被推土机夷为平地。)
说完了 “raze”,接着看 “ravage,R A V A G E”。“Ravage” 作动词时表示 “蹂躏,摧残”,它强调 “造成非常严重的,甚至是长期的破坏”。来听四个例句。
Examples
The neighbourhood was ravaged by a tornado. All the residents had to find shelters elsewhere.
(这个地区遭到龙卷风的摧残。所有居民都不得不到别处避难。)
Volunteers are planting trees in areas ravaged by wildfires a few years ago.
(志愿者们正在几年前被野火毁掉的地区植树。)
The once beautiful island has been ravaged by tourism – now its beach is filled with rubbish.
(这座曾经美丽的岛屿被旅游业糟蹋得面目全非,现在海滩上都是垃圾。)
His lungs were ravaged by smoking.
(他的肺部因吸烟而严重受损。)
除了作动词以外,“ravage” 也可以作名词使用,常用作复数,表示 “损坏,破坏”。比如:“the ravages of time(岁月的摧残)”。请听例句。
Example
The building has suffered the ravages of time.
(这栋楼经受了岁月的摧残。)
“Ruin, R U I N” 作动词时,既可以表示 “完全毁坏一个实物”,也可以表示 “完全毁掉某件事情的价值或乐趣”。我们听三个例句。
Examples
That fire almost ruined my house.
(那场火几乎烧毁了我的房子。)
I accidentally knocked over my coffee and ruined the entire drawing!
(我不小心打翻了咖啡,毁掉了整幅画!)
Sarah lost her passport and that ruined our holiday. We had to cancel all our plans and go home.
(莎拉的护照丢了,这件事毁掉了我们的假期。我们不得不取消一切计划回家。)
最后,“ruin” 作可数名词时指 “断壁残垣,废墟”。来听一个例句。
Example
Divers discovered the ruins of an ancient city under the sea.
(潜水员在海底发现了一座古城的废墟。)
上面我们讲到:动词 “raze” 表示 “彻底摧毁城镇、村庄、建筑物等”;“ravage” 既可以作动词也可以作名词,意思是 “摧残”,强调造成非常严重的破坏;动词 “ruin” 表示 “完全毁掉某物”,既可以是一个实物,也可以是一件事情的价值、乐趣,作可数名词时指 “废墟”。