中级口译考试阅读理解答题技巧二
分类: 英语口语
例三:2000年9月试题第8题: 8. The word "jeopardize" (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to __________. (A) endeavor (B) endanger (C) endorse (D)endow 请看原文: What could be disastrous, however, is that we should press too quickly towards this goal, sacrificing sleep only to gain more time in which to jeopardize our civilization by actions and decisions made weak by fatigue. 出题者想通过形似的单词(四个选项都是end开头)给考生制造模糊印象,其实我们大可不必惊慌。从上下文来看,"jeopardize"肯定是动词,因此四个选项中应该选相应的动词替换。恰巧选项都是动词,因而增加了答题难度。让我们再分析一下上下文。请注意原文中这几个词:disastrous, too quickly, sacrificing sleep only to gain和weak, fatigue, 我们是否可以看出作者的态度是反对sacrifice sleep的呢?既然如此,通过牺牲睡眠而获得时间似乎也不是什么好事,因为在身体疲倦的状况下做出的决策和行动往往会欠妥,从而对文明的发展不利,所以jeopardize our civilization肯定是对文明造成负面影响的。A.endeavor大家应该不陌生,表努力,尽力之意。C.endorse表示write one’s name on the back of a check, 即背书,由此引申出认可,赞同之意。当然,如果说Your driving licence has been endorsed.那你的驾照可就有违规记录,你得当心喽!而D表示捐赠金钱、财产等,发善心做善事。看来只有B. endanger (使...处于危险中)才有负面之意,也才合题意。 对策②:通过构词法,观察单词的前缀、后缀及词根等构成进行判断。 例一:2000年9月试题第16题: 16. The word "anthropologist" (line 1) means someone who _______. (A) studies the nature of man (B) arranges wedding ceremonies (C) keeps account for newly weds (D) records local events 请看原文: An anthropologist recorded the expenses for ceremonies he attended in a village in Thailand. The following chart provides information on the bahts (Thai currency) spent for a wedding. 这个单词乍一看挺吓人,又臭又长。其实定睛一看并不是不可破解的。也许知道anthrop(o)这个前缀是跟“man"(人,人类)有关的同学不是太多,从而对由此衍生出的单词不认识也就不足为怪了,如:anthropoid a.(猿)似人的,类人猿的;anthropology n. 人类学;anthropophagous a. 吃人的,食人肉的(《参考消息》最近还报道了科学家发现历史上人吃人的确凿证据,令人毛骨悚然!);philanthropist n.慈善家(phil爱,anthrop 人,爱天下之人,具有博爱情怀的人难道不是慈善家么?)但是,我们初中就学过,scientist, biologist, 我们是否可以联想一下原文中"anthropologist"这个词类似于biologist,是与研究某学科有关的人。答案A. studies the nature of man似乎最合意。 例二:2001年3月试题第23题: 23. The word "xenophobia" (para.2) means "__________". (A) partiality (B) arbitrariness (C) discrimination (D) antipathy 请看原文: The Campaign Against Racism and Fascism (CARF), a London based group, tells me that there is little doubt that, with the massive upsurge of xenophobia against asylum-seekers too, the fallout is affecting anyone perceived to be foreign or different, decent attacks on black people have a ferocity that appalls police and community organizers alike. 本题中要注意"xenophobia"一词后面的介词against以及前面的upsurge (情绪的激起,汹涌)。首先可推断出xenophobia是一种情绪,这种情绪对asylum-seekers(寻求政治避难的人)是不利的。由于这种情绪的兴起,给所有异族的或不同肤色的人带来灾难性的后果,比如对黑人的攻击异常残忍以致震惊了警方。A. partiality可联想到partial一词,指有偏袒,偏爱,显然与原文语境不符。B任意,专断,不合语意。C似乎比较接近,对...有偏见,有歧视,而且discrimination后也往往跟介词against。但是,如果我们把xenophobia剖开,phobia是指dislike, aversion(反感,厌恶),xeno是指strange, foreign, different, 而D项中pathy与feeling有关,如sympathy, empathy(美学中的移情作用),telepathy(tele远距离的,距离遥远却心心相映,即心灵感应),而anti则是我们最熟悉的前缀,意即against, oppose, 如anti-dumping, antisocial等。那么antipathy=dislike, aversion, 故答案为D。顺便说一下,fallout这个词原义是核装置引爆后的放射性尘埃污染,后果严重不堪设想。此处借代一般用语“影响”、“余波”、“后遗症”。因为形象恐怖,所以起到的修饰效果十分鲜明有力。我们平时在阅读外刊的过程中要注意积累一些形象生动的表达,包括常用修辞手法的运用实例,这样考试时才能做到游刃有余。