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时间状语从句的关键词分析

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时间状语从句的关键词分析

一、什么是时间状语从句呢,其实,我们只要看到几个关键词就可以了,也就是用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语,这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句。
连接时间状语从句的连接词有:when(当……时),while(在……期间),as(当……,一边……一边……),before(在……之前),after(在……之后),since(从……以来),till/until(直到),whenever(无论何时),as soon as(一……就)等,这里要特别注意的一点是,如果主句是一般将来时,从句只能用一般现在时表示将来意义。同样的道理,主句是过去将来时和将来完成时,从句只能用一般过去时和现在完成时表示将来意义。例如:
1.When I went into the classroom, he was reading.
当我走进教室时,他正在看书。
2.He read a newspaper as he went along.
他边走边看报纸。
3. I didn't realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
直到我成年了,我才意识到我的妈妈是多么的特别。
4.We must strike while the iron is hot.
我们必须趁热打铁。
5.I’ll telephone you as soon as I get there.
我一到达那里就打电话给你。

二、由before和after引导的时间状语从句
before的意思为“在……之前”,根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有……就……,趁着还没……就……,不知不觉就……,……才……”等。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成"就,才"。如果before引导的主句谓语用的是过去完成时,则从句动词多用一般过去时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和 从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如:
1.They had not been married four months before they were divorced.
他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。
2.After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.
你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。
3.He almost knocked me down before he saw me.
他几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
4.Time passed quickly and three months went by before she knew it.
时间过得飞快,她不知不觉就在那里度过了三个月。
5.I will die before I will betray my country.
我宁可死也不会背叛我的国家。

三、时间的英语是“time”,time可引导时间状语从句,含有time 短语有every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等,例如:
1. Every time I listen to music, I’ll think of it.
每当我听音乐,我就想起这事。
2.He didn’t tell me anything the last time I saw him.
上次我见到他时他什么也没告诉我。

四、除了我们在时间状语从句中经常用到的as soon as表示“一……就……”还有很多词语表示“一……就……”,例如:the moment, the minute, the second, the instant;immediately, directly, instantly;no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…。它们也都可以引导时间状语从句。例如:
1. I came immediately you called.
你一来电话我就来了。
2.I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
我一到家就下起雨来了。
如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首,句子必须用倒装结构。如:
1.Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
2. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
我一到家,外面就开始下雨。

五、首先,我们从一个since引导的时间状语从句的例句中,看看since在引导时间状语从句的用法,——Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?------Yes,since he jioned the Chinese Society. 在这个例句中,since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。例如:
I have made great progress since I was ill.
我自病愈以来取得了很大的进步。
值得注意的是:在It is +时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。例如:1. Where have you been since I last saw you?
自上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去了?
2. It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing.
我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
另外,since前有ever,或从句谓语动词是be且后接表示人成长过程中的某个阶段或年龄的名词、形容词时,仍然按字面意思理解。例如:
I have lived here ever since I was a child.
我从还是个孩子时就一直住在这儿。

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